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61.
Tony Huynh Andrew D. King Sang‐il Oum Maryam Verdian‐Rizi 《Journal of Graph Theory》2017,84(2):158-175
A graph is strongly even‐cycle decomposable if the edge set of every subdivision with an even number of edges can be partitioned into cycles of even length. We prove that several fundamental composition operations that preserve the property of being Eulerian also yield strongly even‐cycle decomposable graphs. As an easy application of our theorems, we give an exact characterization of the set of strongly even‐cycle decomposable cographs. 相似文献
62.
We present in this paper a finite difference solver for Maxwell's equations in non‐staggered grids. The scheme formulated in time domain theoretically preserves the properties of zero‐divergence, symplecticity, and dispersion relation. The mathematically inherent Hamiltonian can be also retained all the time. Moreover, both spatial and temporal terms are approximated to yield the equal fourth‐order spatial and temporal accuracies. Through the computational exercises, modified equation analysis and Fourier analysis, it can be clearly demonstrated that the proposed triple‐preserving solver is computationally accurate and efficient for use to predict the Maxwell's solutions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
63.
Tony Tite Vassilios Myrianthopoulos Emmanuel Mikros Roxane Tenta Tzortzis Nomikos 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(50):9620-9628
A number of new pyrazolo[3,4-c] and [4,3-b]pyridine C-nucleosides, which can be viewed as 4- or 6-deazaformycin analogues were synthesized and examined as potential adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors. The compounds were prepared through the condensation of a suitably substituted, lithiated 2- or 4-methylpyridine with tri-O-benzyl-d-ribonolactone, followed by borohydride reduction of the resulting hemiacetals, intramolecular Mitsunobu cyclisation of the derived diols, formation of the pyrazolopyridine ring system and subsequent removal of the protecting groups. These derivatives were designed on the structural basis provided by docking simulations performed within the enzyme catalytic site, however they demonstrated weak ADA inhibitory activity. Theoretical calculations assisted in the interpretation of the obtained biological data, thus providing guidance for rational structural modifications within this molecular scaffold. 相似文献
64.
We link two phenomena concerning the asymptotical behavior of stochastic processes: (i) abrupt convergence or cut-off phenomenon,
and (ii) the escape behavior usually associated to exit from metastability. The former is characterized by convergence at
asymptotically deterministic times, while the convergence times for the latter are exponentially distributed. We compare and
study both phenomena for discrete-time birth-and-death chains on ℤ with drift towards zero. In particular, this includes energy-driven
evolutions with energy functions in the form of a single well. Under suitable drift hypotheses, we show that there is both
an abrupt convergence towards zero and escape behavior in the other direction. Furthermore, as the evolutions are reversible,
the law of the final escape trajectory coincides with the time reverse of the law of cut-off paths. Thus, for evolutions defined
by one-dimensional energy wells with sufficiently steep walls, cut-off and escape behavior are related by time inversion. 相似文献
65.
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the oscillatory behaviors of carbon nanotube oscillators containing sp3-hybridized defects formed by hydrogen chemisorption. It is found that the presence of these defects significantly affects the kinetic and potential energies of the nanotube systems, which in turn affects their oscillation periods and frequencies. We have also studied the oscillatory characteristics of the oscillators containing sp3-hybridized Stone-Wales defects. Our results show that it is possible to control the motion of the inner nanotube by introducing sp3-hybridized defects on the outer nanotube, which provides a potential way to tune the oscillatory behavior of nanotube oscillators. 相似文献
66.
The nature of the future is completely different from the nature of the past. When quantum effects are significant, the future
shows all the signs of quantum weirdness, including duality, uncertainty, and entanglement. With the passage of time, after
the time-irreversible process of state-vector reduction has taken place, the past emerges, with the previous quantum uncertainty
replaced by the classical certainty of definite particle identities and states. The present time is where this transition
largely takes place, but the process does not take place uniformly: evidence from delayed choice and related experiments shows
that isolated patches of quantum indeterminacy remain, and that their transition from probability to certainty only takes
place later. Thus, when quantum effects are significant, the picture of a classical Evolving Block Universe (‘EBU’) cedes
place to one of a Crystallizing Block Universe (‘CBU’), which reflects this quantum transition from indeterminacy to certainty,
while nevertheless resembling the EBU on large enough scales. 相似文献
67.
Ho Tony; Martinez-Moreno Juan; Peralta Antonio M.; Russo Bernard 《Journal London Mathematical Society》2002,65(1):85-102
At the regional conference held at the University of California,Irvine, in 1985 [24], Harald Upmeier posed three basic questionsregarding derivations on JB*-triples: (1) Are derivations automatically bounded? (2) When are all bounded derivations inner? (3) Can bounded derivations be approximated by inner derivations? These three questions had all been answered in the binary cases.Question 1 was answered affirmatively by Sakai [17] for C*-algebrasand by Upmeier [23] for JB-algebras. Question 2 was answeredby Sakai [18] and Kadison [12] for von Neumann algebras andby Upmeier [23] for JW-algebras. Question 3 was answered byUpmeier [23] for JB-algebras, and it follows trivially fromthe KadisonSakai answer to question 2 in the case ofC*-algebras. In the ternary case, both question 1 and question 3 were answeredby Barton and Friedman in [3] for complex JB*-triples. In thispaper, we consider question 2 for real and complex JBW*-triplesand question 1 and question 3 for real JB*-triples. A real orcomplex JB*-triple is said to have the inner derivation propertyif every derivation on it is inner. By pure algebra, every finite-dimensionalJB*-triple has the inner derivation property. Our main results,Theorems 2, 3 and 4 and Corollaries 2 and 3 determine whichof the infinite-dimensional real or complex Cartan factors havethe inner derivation property. 相似文献
68.
We report the generation and coherent detection of freely propagating ultrashort baseband electromagnetic pulses. Using optical rectification in ?110? GaAs for wideband emission and electro-optic sampling in a poled polymer for wideband detection, we demonstrate spectral sensitivity that extends from the far infrared (lambda~100 mum) to ~33 THz(lambda = 9 mum) . Over a band of nearly 20 THz, a relatively flat frequency response is observed. We discuss issues that limit the response bandwidth. 相似文献
69.
AN INVARIANT FOR HYPERGRAPHS 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
ANINVARIANTFORHYPERGRAPHSWANGJIANFANG(InstituteofAPPliedMathematics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080,ChinaandAsia-Pacif... 相似文献
70.
Chlorometallates of transition and B subgroup elements are readily prepared and precipitated by reaction of the corresponding metallic salts with 1-methyl-4,4-dimercaptopiperidinium chloride. These chlorometallates investigated were [ZnCl4]2?, [CdCl3]?, [CoCl4]2?, [CuCl5]3? and [FeCl4]2?. Strong SH … Cl interactions, but not NH … Cl, have been evidenced by IR spectroscopy in the zinc, cadmium and cobalt complexes. The SH and NH absorptions are observed at ? 2480 cm?1 and 3060 cm?1, respectively. Partial deuteration of the [ZnCl4]2? complex with d1-methanol, shifted these IR signals to 1800 and 2260 cm?1, clearly evidencing a X-hydrogen type of bond. The SH … Cl interaction is smaller in the [FeCl4]2? complex, and practically nonexistent in the [CuCl53? complex. 相似文献