Effect of Thermal Processing on the Metabolic Components of Black Beans on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Field Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans.     

基于快速Fourier变换的可靠性分析方法

提出了一种用于非线性隐式功能函数可靠性分析的快速Fourier变换方法.首先利用高效多维数值积分方法或基于响应面法的卷积积分求解功能函数的分布函数的特征函数,也就是进行Fourier正变换;然后利用快速Fourier逆变换数值求解功能函数的概率密度函数,进而求得失效概率.给出的算例表明此法具有精度和计算效率较高的优点.     

糖尿病大鼠微量元素与动脉血栓形成的关系

为研究糖尿病大鼠微量元素的含量变化及其与动脉血栓形成的关系,用链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导出糖尿病大鼠模型,三氯化铁（FeCl3）造颈总动脉血栓后,测定血糖、胰岛素（INS）、6-酮-前列腺素F1α（6-K-PGF1α）、血栓素B2（TXB2）、内皮素（ET1）以及全血微量元素镁、锌含量。结果表明,①与正常对照组比,糖尿病大鼠的血糖、TXB2、ET1和锌的含量、ρ（TXB2）／ρ（6-K-PGF1α）、（T／P）比值及血栓质量增加（P〈0．05）,INS含量降低（P〈0．001）,镁和6-K-PGF1α含量无改变（P〉0．05）;②糖尿病组的TXB2与糖、锌（P=0．001）、胰岛素正相关（P=0．003）,ET1仅与锌正相关（P=0．096）,6-K-PGF1α与镁、锌无相关关系。提示：①糖尿病大鼠血管内皮功能受损,血液处于T／P失衡的高凝状态,更易形成动脉血栓;②糖和锌代谢紊乱在T／P失衡和内皮功能损伤中有重要作用。     

Smoothing Newton-Like Method for the Solution of Nonlinear Systems of Equalities and Inequalities

In this paper, we present a smoothing Newton-like method for solving non-linear systems of equalities and inequalities. By using the so-called max function, we transfer the inequalities into a system of semismooth equalities. Then a smoothing Newton-like method is proposed for solving the reformulated system, which only needs to solve one system of linear equations and to perform one line search at each iteration. The global and local quadratic convergence are studied under appropriate assumptions. Numerical examples show that the new approach is effective.     

Numerical investigation on the heat transfer performance inside sublimator driven coldplate for aerospace applications

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Sublimator offers effective heat rejection for the spacecraft, which work in warm environments or with peak heat loads, by evaporating or sublimating...     

Nonlinear frequency response analysis: a recent review and perspectives

The nonlinear frequency response analysis (NFRA) can be seen as an extension of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. NFRA gives a full and detailed representation of the system response and can establish a connection between model parameters and the experimentally observed phenomena. In this article, different theoretical NFRA approaches and the most recent application examples are discussed. A simple electrochemical example is used to showcase the benefits and disadvantages of analyzing the system response by using different approaches. In addition, it was shown how to extract experimental harmonic values and analyze them.     

红外光谱在线监控对二苯脲合成反应进程的研究

利用ReactIRTM4000实验室在线红外分析系统对脲和苯胺合成二苯脲反应进行在线监控,通过监测反应物脲(1 420 cm-1)和苯胺(1 270 cm-1)、中间产物苯基脲(1 339 cm-1)及产物二苯脲(1 312 cm-1)特征峰的变化,推断出反应体系中各组分浓度的变化,从而清楚地了解了该反应的进程。研究的结果证明脲和苯胺合成二苯脲的过程是脲和苯胺先生成中间产物苯基脲,苯基脲再和苯胺生成二苯脲。结果表明在线红外分析能够快速、简便、准确地确定出反应的最佳时间,从而达到对合成反应的进程进行控制的目的。     

多间隙气体开关的电场分布特性

为了寻求可用于快前沿直线型变压器驱动源最理想的多间隙气体开关结构,利用有限元分析软件模拟计算了几种不同电极结构气体开关内各间隙在开关触发前后的电场分布,并利用新型开关电路模型研究了气体开关触发导通前均压措施对开关内部各间隙电场分布均匀性的影响,以及触发后各中间电极对主电极杂散电容与气体开关内电场分布规律之间的关系。结果表明：圆形环状结构电极有利于形成稳定的多通道放电,降低开关的电感及抖动;在开关各个间隙之间并联相同阻值的电阻可以有效地改善开关直流耐压特性;在开关触发导通时,各间隙的电压分布主要与触发电压的上升时间、各个电阻及杂散电容值有关;触发电压的上升时间越短,杂散电容值对间隙电压分布的影响越明显。     

平面调制靶的正弦波曲面超精密加工与表征

采用超精密车削技术加工微尺度正弦波调制曲面微结构,解决了尖刃金刚石刀具刃磨和刀具对中等关键技术,研究了进给量、背吃刀量和主轴转速等主要切削参数对铜模板表面粗糙度的影响规律。加工出波长为（20～150）m0.5 m﹑峰谷高度差为（0.2～20）m0.1 m的带正弦波调制曲面。采用原子力显微镜对模板表面轮廓扫描,在20 m20 m的范围内,其表面粗糙度均方根值小于10 nm。将正弦波调制曲面测量结果与理论轮廓进行比较,采用最小二乘寻优算法评定轮廓误差。完成了曲面轮廓的功率谱表征,利用加工的曲面微结构制备了平面调制靶,实现正弦波调制曲面轮廓的精确转移。