全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1861篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1039篇 |
晶体学 | 14篇 |
力学 | 61篇 |
数学 | 523篇 |
物理学 | 286篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 86篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 62篇 |
2019年 | 55篇 |
2018年 | 68篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 81篇 |
2015年 | 75篇 |
2014年 | 78篇 |
2013年 | 133篇 |
2012年 | 122篇 |
2011年 | 143篇 |
2010年 | 96篇 |
2009年 | 81篇 |
2008年 | 101篇 |
2007年 | 79篇 |
2006年 | 90篇 |
2005年 | 71篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 54篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1923条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
The stereoselective synthesis of two epimeric penta-hydroxylated indolizidines was accomplished from 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-mannofuranose and N-(2-methylpent-4-en-2-yl)hydroxylamine. The transformation of these substrates into the corresponding 7-oxa-1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane by the intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was the key step of the synthesis. The adduct was transformed into the tricyclic ammonium salt by intramolecular N-alkylation. The tricyclic ammonium salt was converted to the target compounds by: (route 1) the catalytic hydrogenation; or (route 2) the reaction with sodium azide, followed by the enantioselective reduction of the resulting indolizidinone. 相似文献
42.
Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of a perylene-like compound and its binary mixtures with 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) and 4-pentyl-4"-cyano-p-terphenyl (5CT) have been studied. On the basis of the surface pressure-area isotherms, the molecular organization on the air-water interface has been estimated. Information about the miscibility or the phase separation of components in the binary mixtures has been obtained. The spectroscopic study of the LB films has allowed conclusions to be drawn about the arrangement of the molecules on the quartz slides. The fluorescence spectra of the LB films of the perylene-like compound have revealed the formation of self-aggregates. 相似文献
43.
Langmuir films of binary mixtures of the following liquid crystal materials: 4-octyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) or 4-pentyl-4″-cyano-p-terphenyl (5CT) with 4-(trans-4'-octylcyclohexyl)isothiocyanatobenzene (8CHBT), trans-4-octyl(4′-cyanophenyl)cyclohexane (8PCH) or 4-octyl4′-isothiocyanatobiphenyl (8BT) were investigated. Surface pressure-mean molecular area isotherms were recorded at various mixture compositions. It was found that only liquid crystal materials for which the molecules have a terminal -CN group are able to form a stable monolayer at the air-water interface. Moreover, information about the miscibility or the phase separation of the two components in the mixures was obtained by using the excess area criterion and surface phase rules. 相似文献
44.
Valentina Ljubomirova Rumyana Djingova Johannes T. van Elteren Marjan Veber Tomasz Kowalkowski Boguslaw Buszewski 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(7):499-512
A sequential extraction procedure (three-step), proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Union, was applied to street dust and spiked soil samples for the determination of PGEs. Analyses were carried out using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results indicate that up to 5% from Pt, 70% from Pd and 14% from Rh are in mobile forms in street dust. The results for the soil samples spiked with crushed catalytic converter are significantly lower indicating that PGEs are oxidised more efficiently in natural conditions. Additionally Pt and Pd bound to humic acids were investigated. 相似文献
45.
Tomasz Kowalkowski Hlanganani Tutu Leonard Mihaly Cozmuta Miroslav Sprynskyy Ewa M. Cukrowska Bogusław Buszewski 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(10):797-811
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the mobility of heavy metals (HMs) in two types of soils (acidic forest soil and neutral agricultural soil) by leaching with calcium chloride solution in column experiments. The screening properties of neutral agricultural soil towards pollution by heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) are approximately 10 times higher than those of acid forest soil. The neutral agricultural soil, polluted artificially by one pore volume (PV) of an HMs solution of concentration 200 mg L?1, can screen the leaching of these metals over several hundreds of years. The higher apparent desorption rate and per cent desorption of HMs (especially Cd) in acid forest soil indicated a higher potential of intensive migration of the metals across the profile and indicated potential risk of Cd pollution for this type of soil. The latest approach of artificial neural networks to describe transport of HMs in soil has been also evaluated. Using a simple three-layer perceptron topology with three hidden neurons, the experimental data could be simulated. The results suggested that the pH of soil is a major factor controlling the retention of the heavy metals in the soils. 相似文献
46.
Tomasz Girek 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2013,76(3-4):237-252
In the paper cyclodextrin-based (CD) polyrotaxanes are presented in the aspect of their syntheses and properties allowing various applications. The text consists of four parts, which describe CD-based polyrotaxanes with threads containing poly(ethylene oxide), poly (4,4′-diphenylenevinylene), polyfluorene and other chains. Conclusion shows new trends connected with this theme. 相似文献
47.
48.
Tomasz Schoen 《Combinatorica》2015,35(6):695-701
We prove, in particular, that every finite subset A of an abelian group with the additive energy κ|A|3 contains a set A′ such that |A′|?κ|A| and |A′ ? A′|?κ ?4|A′|. 相似文献
49.
50.
Tomasz Chmiel Dionna Abogado Waldemar Wardencki 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(20):4965-4986
A reliable and repeatable isotachophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and ammonium in berries of different blue honeysuckle cultivars was developed. The usefulness of the complex-forming equilibria in determining the cations mentioned above was studied. The addition of 7.5 mM 18-crown-6 and 2 mM α-hydroxyisobutyric acid to sulfuric acid enhanced the separation capacity of the leading electrolyte. The terminating electrolyte of 10 mM TRIS buffered to pH 4.30 was chosen as most appropriate for these studies. An ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of macroelements from dried fruit of Lonicera caerulea L. was investigated using response surface methodology. The Box-Behnken experimental design showed the optimal extraction conditions as follows: temperature of 36 °C, extraction time of 42.3 min and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:800 v/w. Detection limits for the method ranged from 0.030 to 0.097 mg/l with precision expressed by RSD ranging from 1.4 % for Mg to 4.4 % for Na. The results showed that blue honeysuckle berries are a good source of potassium, from 199 to 402 mg/100 g FW, especially ‘Zielona’ and ‘Zojka’ cultivars. The average content of other analytes in these berries was 5.2 mg Na, 24.8 mg Ca, 7.5 mg Mg and 52.0 mg ammonium per 100 g FW. The berry products contained lower amounts of minerals especially Mg and K. However, a glass of freshly squeezed juice can provide almost 20 % of the RDI of potassium. The results obtained using both the developed isotachophoretic method and ion chromatographic procedure did not differ significantly. Figure
? 相似文献