Magnetostructural transformations in Ni<Subscript>51</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>36</Subscript>Sn<Subscript>13</Subscript> Heusler alloy thin films

In this paper we report structural, magnetic and transport properties of strongly textured Ni₅₁Mn₃₆Sn₁₃ thin films. The off-stoichiometric Heusler alloy films with 200 nm thickness were sputter-deposited on a MgO(100) substrate at 500 K and after annealed at 1000 K in UHV conditions. The textured growth was confirmed by x-ray diffraction in Bragg-Brentano geometry. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties was measured by VSM and FMR methods. The electron transport measurements were carried out in function of temperature in 0 Oe and 50 kOe fields. All measurements corroborate the existence of the martensitic transformation in the film. Furthermore, transport measurements reveal an influence of the magnetic field on the transition temperature.     

On a new class of functional equations satisfied by polynomial functions

Aequationes mathematicae - The classical result of L. Székelyhidi states that (under some assumptions) every solution of a general linear equation must be a polynomial function. It is known...     

Revealing the Bonding Pattern from the Molecular Electron Density Using Single Exponential Decay Detector: An Orbital‐Free Alternative to the Electron Localization Function

We introduce a new tool (single exponential decay detector: SEDD) to extract information about bonding and localization in atoms, molecules, or molecular assemblies. The practical evaluation of SEDD does not require any explicit information about the orbitals. The only quantity needed is the electron density (calculated or experimental) and its derivatives up to the second order.     

Stability of some aryllithiums in the presence of cyano group: synthesis of biaromatic cyanoarylboronic acids and silanes

Lithium diisopropylamine (LDA)‐mediated deprotonation reactions of halogenated cyanobenzyloxy‐benzenes and cyanobiphenyls were investigated. The resultant organolithium derivatives were converted into the corresponding arylboronic acids or silanes. It was found that the stability of the obtained aryllithiums towards isomerization to the respective benzyllithiums depends strongly on the number of fluorine atoms in the phenyl ring and on the position of the cyano group. Halogenated cyanobiaryls were selectively deprotonated in the position flanked by two halogen atoms; however, the yield depended strongly on the reaction conditions. Addition of LDA to the cyano group was observed on the lithiation of 4‐cyano‐3′,5′‐dichlorobiphenyl rather than deprotonation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation of new imidazol-2-yl-(amino)methylphosphonates,phosphinates and phosphine oxides and their unexpected cleavage under acidic conditions

The efficient synthesis of new imidazol-2-yl-(amino)methylphosphonic acids, phosphonates phosphinate esters and phosphine oxides is described. The synthetic methodology is based on nucleophilic addition of phosphorus species to imidazole-2 derived imines. Additionally, it was discovered that heating the imidazol-2-yl-(amino)methylphosphonates with aqueous HCl or H₂SO₄ leads to their decomposition resulting in a rupture of the C–P bond, elimination of the phosphorous-containing fragment and formation of the corresponding secondary imidazole-2 alkylamines. A mechanistic pathway for the cleavage is postulated.     

Growth and EPR properties of KSm(WO4)2 and KEr(WO4)2 single crystals

Growth conditions and electron paramagnetic resonance investigations of two well oriented KSm(WO₄)₂ and KEr(WO₄)₂ single crystals have been presented and discussed. Hyperfine structure of Sm³⁺ ion was detected and analyzed for angular and temperature dependences. EPR spectra of KEr(WO₄)₂ and its angular dependence showed the presence of 5 magnetically nonequivalent Er centers in the crystal. A change in the type of magnetic interactions was analyzed using mixed (Gaussian and Lorentzian) fits of the EPR spectra.     

EPR and optical properties of KYb(WO4)2 and KTb0.2Yb0.8(WO4)2 single crystals

Well oriented KYb(WO₄)₂ and KTb_0.2Yb_0.8(WO₄)₂ single crystals have been investigated for their magnetic and optical properties using the Raman and EPR techniques. The registered EPR signal is dominated by three lines ascribed to ytterbium ions: one main and two satellites. Tb ions, although non-paramagnetic, distinctly modify magnetic properties of the KYb(WO₄)₂ single crystal. Basic parameters of the spin Hamiltonian, including Zeeman and hyperfine terms (g and A matrices) as well the spatial orientation between principal and crystallographic axes systems were determined for both crystals.