Compilation and analysis of charge asymmetry measurements from electron and positron scattering on nucleon and nuclei

World data on the lepton-charge asymmetry in the elastic and inelastic lepton scattering off the proton and nuclei are compiled and discussed. After reviewing the published results, we compare the elastic data to a model calculation of the two-photon-exchange mechanism. We show that the existing data do not provide any evidence for enhancement of the two-photon contribution. At confidence level 95% the data allow to exclude the two-photon exchange as an explanation for the difference between Rosenbluth and polarization transfer measurements of proton electromagnetic form factors.     

8-Spinors and structure of solitons in generalized Mie electrodynamics

A generalization of Mie electrodynamics is considered. It includes a 8-spinor field and higher powers of the Mie invariant A _μ A ^μ . Particular topological properties of 8-spinors are indicated and are associated with the existence of the remarkable Brioschi identity of eight squares, which permits deriving a natural 8-spinor unification of the Skyrme model of baryons and the Faddeev model of leptons, these particles being treated as topological solitons. Two types of soliton configurations admitted by the model are constructed. These are charged static and neutral lightlike (luxons) ones.     

Alpha decay in electron surrounding

The influence of atomic electron shells on the constant of alpha decay of heavy and mediummass nuclei was considered in detail. A method for simultaneously taking into account the change in the potential-barrier shape and the effect of reflection of a diverging Coulomb wave in the classically allowed region was developed. The ratios of decay probabilities per unit time for a bare nucleus and the respective neutral atom were found for some alpha-decaying isotopes.     

Influence of the gamma-ray fraction in the reactor radiation on the total signal of a self-powered neutron detector

For controlling the linear power density in the reactor core, the Khortitsa-M software program as a part of the in-core instrumentation system (ICIS) employs only self-powered neutron detector (SPND) data with the neutronic calculation for the consistent determination of the power density in unmeasurable fuel assemblies (FAs). The confidence of the interpretation of the SPND data essentially determines the safe and efficient operation of a reactor. Previously, it was assumed that the gamma-ray fraction in the reactor radiation does not exceed one percent and is independent of the fuel enrichment and the FA and SPND burnups. Since it is difficult to estimate the contribution of the reactor gamma radiation to the SPND current experimentally, in this work, we present a calculated estimate using modern software and libraries of constants. On the basis of the results of this study, the question is discussed whether it is appropriate to take into account the reactor gamma radiation in the transfer function from the SPND current to the power density of six fuel elements surrounding the SPND with allowance for both the type of FA and the FA and SPND burnups.     

Domain structure of a thin single-crystal plate of terbium iron garnet near the magnetic compensation point

The domain structure of a thin single-crystal plate of the iron garnet Tb₃Fe₅O₁₂ has been investigated using the magneto-optical method in the temperature range near the magnetic compensation point of this ferrimagnet T _c = 248.6 K. It has been shown that, when the temperature of the sample approaches the magnetic compensation point, the domain width significantly increases, but remains finite at T = T _c . The magnetic H-T phase diagram, which determines the boundary between the multidomain and domain-free (uniformly magnetized) states of the sample, has been constructed using the data on visual observations of the transformation of the domain structure with variations in the temperature and external magnetic field. The results obtained have been interpreted in terms of the thermodynamic theory of stability of different magnetic phases of a two-sublattice cubic ferrimagnet near T _c .     

Computer simulation of the structure and raman spectra of GaAs polytypes

The structure, energy of formation, and Raman spectra of several polytypes (3C, 2H, 4H, and 8H) of gallium arsenide GaAs have been investigated using quantum mechanical calculations based on the local density functional theory. It has been found that the energy of the formation of hexagonal polytypes increases with an increase in the length of the periodicity and approaches the value corresponding to the ground state, i.e., to the structure of the 3C polytype. It has been shown that the calculated frequencies of normal vibrations of different polytypes are consistent, with good accuracy (±6 cm^?1), with the scheme of folding of the phonon branches. In the calculated Raman spectra of the polytypes, there are new lines (forbidden in the spectrum of the 3C polytype) which can serve as characteristic lines of other polytypes. Similar lines can be found in the Raman spectra of GaAs nanowhiskers. This result has opened up new prospects for the application of Raman spectroscopy to the characterization of the structure of these nano-objects.     

Model of formation of inner nanolayers in shear flows of material

We consider a mathematical model for the formation of internal nanocrystal layers in shear flows of material, which is based on the evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The dispersion relation is derived for the linear interaction between finite layers of ideal and viscous fluids. Analysis of the dispersion equation shows that viscosity and thickness of a moving layer play a decisive role in the formation of nanosize waves.     

Phase transformations in pentagonal nanocrystals

The kinetics of phase transformations in pentagonal nanocrystals with a logarithmic coordinate dependence of the internal stress fields is considered. Such a dependence makes it possible to obtain an exact analytical solution to the problems of diffusion kinetics.     

Resonance reflection of light by a thin layer of a dense nonlinear medium

The possibility of hysteretic behavior of resonant reflection spectral curves is determined analytically for the conditions of the dipole-dipole interaction and spectral shift of the field. The phase shift of the acting field is associated with the variation of the energy state of a dense resonant medium forming a thin boundary layer. The problem is considered for the parameters of quantum-size structures based on semiconductors used in optics.