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21.
Given a graphG onn vertices and a total ordering ≺ ofV(G), the transitive orientation ofG associated with ≺, denotedP(G; ≺), is the partial order onV(G) defined by settingx<y inP(G; ≺) if there is a pathx=x
1
x
2…x
r=y inG such thatx
1 ≺x
j for 1≦i<j≦r. We investigate graphsG such that every transitive orientation ofG contains
2
n
−o(n
2) relations. We prove that almost everyG
n,p satisfies this requirement if
, but almost noG
n,p satisfies the condition if (pn log log logn)/(logn log logn) is bounded. We also show that every graphG withn vertices and at mostcn logn edges has some transitive orientation with fewer than
2
n
−δ(c)n
2 relations.
Partially supported by MCS Grant 8104854. 相似文献
22.
I. Pelant M. N. Popova J. Hála M. AmbroŽ V. Lhotská K. Vacek 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1987,37(10):1183-1197
Dependence of two-photon absorption (TPA) rate on the state of polarization of a laser beam is investigated in the low-temperature orthorhombic modification of Hg2Cl2 crystals. Theoretical calculations of the dependence of TPA rate on the direction of polarization vector of the beam are performed for centrosymmetric points, Y, Z, T, R andS of the Brillouin zone. The domain structure of real crystals is taken into consideration and it is shown that periodicity of the polarization dependence may indicate whether TPA is due to transitions either at, Y, Z, T orR, S points. The polarization dependence of TPA cannot, however, distinguish between points inside these two groups. Comparison of theory with a low-temperature (T 8·5 K) experimental curve of polarization dependence is discussed. It is shown that the experiment can be explained in main features by a model of noninteracting oriented linear dipoles. Further, on the basis of TPA measurements, a simple energy band structure of Hg2Cl2 is proposed regarding Hg2Cl2 crystal as a linear chain of molecules.The authors express thanks to Dr. . Barta for supplying the Hg2Cl2 crystals, Dr. Z. Bryknar for critical comments and Dr. B. Velický for stimulating discussion. We thank also Dr. V. Kohlová for assistance during measurement. 相似文献
23.
Let T be a c.n.u. contraction on a Hilbert spaceH and let u-(u1,...,un) be an n-tuple of H(T). We calculate various joint spectra of u(T) and apply the results to study the spectral and index theories of elementary operators associated with n-tuples of the above type.Both authors have been partially supported by NSF grants. 相似文献
24.
2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F] FDG), the most popular positron emitting radiopharmaceutical, may oxidise by autoradiolysis in aqueous solution. The aim of this work was to use LC-MS for determination of the oxidation products of fluorodeoxyglucose and glucose (Glc) obtained by oxidation with Fenton's reagent. Asahipak NH2P-50 polyamide silica column and acetonitrile-0.025% aqueous ammonium formate (80:20 (v/v)) eluent were utilised with an Agilent 1100 HPLC-MS instrument. Ten major oxidation products of FDG and Glc were separated and identified by mass spectrometry: 2-fluorogluconic acid, 2-fluoroglucuronic acid, 2-oxoerythronic acid, arabinose, arabonic acid, araburonic acid, erythrose, erythrulose, gluconic acid, and glucuronic acid. The most intensive electrospray ionisation signals were found in the negative ion spectra and were due to HCOO- adducts, the other acids being in their lactone forms. 相似文献
25.
Fenyvesi Éva Nagai Tsuneji Antal Balázs Zsadon Béla Szejtli József 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1984,2(3-4):645-654
Cyclodextrin polymer was compared to other well known disintegrants concerning the swelling properties /water uptake, moisture uptake, hydration capacity, sedimentation volume in water/. Its high disintegrating effect was proved in directly compressed tablets as well as in tablets made by wet granulation. A remarkable improvement in tablet properties was observed. Not only the disintegration of tablets and the dissolution of the drug was accelerated but also the hardness increased when CDP was used as disintegrant. 相似文献
26.
C. Wasilevsky M. de la Vega Vedoya S. J. Nassiff 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1985,89(2):531-543
Excitation functions have been measured for yields of In isotopes in the reactions107Ag(, xn)111–xIn and109Ag(, xn)113–xIn for x=1–5. The alpha particle bombardment of natural silver, the stacked foil technique for irradiation and semiconductor gamma-spectrometry for measurements were used.This work has been sponsored by the Subsecretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología, Argentina. 相似文献
27.
Polyvinyl chloride samples of various tacticity have been prepared and photochlorinated in CCl4 for 4 hr. The chlorination degree correlates directly with the degree of syndiotacticity. Initial PVC with syndiotacticity about 56 per cent, which can be regarded as alternate sequences of syndiotactic and isotactic diads, is quickly chlorinated. The mechanism of chlorine attack on the macromolecula is directly connected with the stereoregularity. 相似文献
28.
Summary An absorption method for the collection of acid and condensable volcanic gases is described. A Cd(OH)2 suspension allows the simultaneous sampling of sulfide and sulfur dioxide. A complete scheme for chemical analysis of H2O, CO2, H2S, SO2, HCl and HF is presented.The method is relatively simple and accurate and requires only simple equipment. Moreover, separate samples of the condensable part of the volcanic gas may be used for analysis of trace elements.
Probenahme und Analyse vulkanischer Gase
Zusammenfassung Eine Absorptionsmethode zur Probenahme saurer und kondensierbarer Vulkangase wurde beschrieben. Eine Cd(OH)2-Suspension ermöglicht die gleichzeitige Probenahme von H2S und SO2. Ein Analysenschema für die chemische Analyse von H2O, CO2, H2S, SO2, HCl und HF wurde angegeben. Das Verfahren ist relativ einfach und genau; es erfordert nur eine einfache Ausrüstung. Proben des kondensierbaren Anteils der Gase dienen zur Bestimmung der Spurenanteile.相似文献
29.
Ernest Wenkert Edward W. Hagaman Nicole Kunesch Nai-yi Wang Bla Zsadon 《Helvetica chimica acta》1976,59(8):2711-2723
The 13C shifts of 16α- and 16β-substituted derivatives of quebrachamine, 14,15-dehydroquebrachamine, cleavamine, 15,20α-dihydrocleavamine and 15,20β-dihydrocleavamine are determined and correlated with possible conformations of these tetracycles. The method of analysis of the C(16) configuration of these compounds, which emanated from this study, is used for the determination of the configuration of the site of coupling of vindoline and cleavamine β-chloroindolenine. 相似文献
30.
A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination ofo-cresol andm-cresol in water by reaction withp-aminophenol (PAP). Three different methodologies have been assayed; (i) batch analysis, after reaction in an alkaline medium in the presence of dissolved molecular oxygen as oxidizing agent, (ii) a stopped-flow procedure, carried out in the presence of KIO4 and (iii) a flow injection method based on the same approach. The batch procedure requires 22 min for the full development of colour witho-cresol and 12 min form-cresol. In the stopped-flow mode, using KIO4 and a reaction time of 12 min, better sensitivity can be obtained for both compounds and limits of detection of 10 g 1–1 foro-cresol and 30 g 1–1 form-cresol were found. The flow injection method has a lower sensitivity but permits more than 80 injections per hour. Based on the different maximum absorbance wavelengths obtained for the reaction products of PAP witho-cresol (614 nm) andm-cresol (632 nm), both compounds can be simultaneously determined in water samples and recoveries of 90 to 115% were found in spiked water samples of different types. 相似文献