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91.
In this paper we show that for a given 3-manifold and a given Heegaard splitting there are finitely many preferred decomposing systems of 3g−3 disjoint essential disks. These are characterized by a combinatorial criterion which is a slight strengthening of Casson-Gordon's rectangle condition. This is in contrast to fact that in general there can exist infinitely many such systems of disks which satisfy just the Casson-Gordon rectangle condition. 相似文献
92.
Keye Martin 《Applied Categorical Structures》2003,11(1):27-40
We introduce the triangle inequality for measurement. This is a property that when satisfied by a measurement enables one to construct a metric on the set of elements with measure zero that yields the relative Scott topology. The naturality of this construction permits a categorical solution to the model problem in domain theory for locally compact metric spaces. The first time such a solution has been achieved. 相似文献
93.
Andrew Barton 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1987,38(10):965-974
This paper describes some work carried out in the Scientific Research and Development Branch (SRDB) of the Home Office, intended to contribute to an overall aim of building up internal expertise in the field of expert systems. This was done by carrying out a number of pilot and demonstrator projects, two of which are described in some detail. The plan, which proved successful, was to build as far as possible on the relevant skills already possessed by an OR group in the branch. The lessons learned from these are summarized in the hope that they will be of use to other groups who wish to become involved in this important area. 相似文献
94.
Sven Walter 《Acta Analytica》2005,20(3):32-47
Frank Jackson and Philip Pettit have defended a non-reductive account of causal relevance known as the ‘program explanation
account’. Allegedly, irreducible mental properties can be causally relevant in virtue of figuring in non-redundant program explanations which convey information not conveyed by explanations in terms of the physical properties that actually do the ‘causal work’.
I argue that none of the possible ways to spell out the intuitively plausible idea of a program explanation serves its purpose,
viz., defends non-reductive physicalism against Jaegwon Kim’s Causal Exclusion Argument according to which non-reductive physicalism is committed to epiphenomenalism because irreducible mental properties are ‘screened
off’ from causal relevance by their physical realizers. Jackson and Pettit’s most promising explication of a program explanation
appeals to the idea of invariance of effect under variation of realization, but I show that invariance of effect under variation of realization is neither necessary nor sufficient for causal relevance. 相似文献
95.
96.
Omer Ozturk Steven N. MacEachern 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》2004,56(4):701-720
We develop a method of randomizing units to treatments that relies on subjective judgement or on possible coarse modeling
to produce restrictions on the randomization. The procedure thus fits within the general framework of ranked set sampling.
However, instead of selecting a single unit from each set for full measurement, all units within a set are used. The units
within a set are assigned to different treatments. Such an assignment translates the positive dependence among units within
a set into a reduction in variation of contrasting features of the treatments.
A test for treatment versus control comparison, with controlled familywise error rate, is developed along with the associated
confidence intervals. The new procedure is shown to be superior to corresponding procedures based on completely randomized
or ranked set sample designs. The superiority appears both in asymptotic relative efficiency and in power for finite sample
sizes. Importantly, this test does not rely on perfect rankings; rather, the information in the data on the quality of rankings
is exploited to maintain the level of the test when rankings are imperfect. The asymptotic relative efficiency of the test
is not affected by estimation of the quality of rankings, and the finite sample performance is only mildly affected. 相似文献
97.
98.
The first diastereoselective cycloaddition of a nitrile oxide with a homoallylic alcohol is discussed. The reaction of benzonitrile oxide with the magnesium alkoxides of chiral homoallylic alcohols has been shown to proceed with good diastereoselectivity, favoring the syn isomer of the resulting 2-isoxazoline. 相似文献
99.
Chris Hope 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》2003,54(11):1167-1176
What strategy should a football (soccer, in American parlance) club adopt when deciding whether to sack its manager? This paper introduces a simple model assuming that a club's objective is to maximize the number of league points that it scores per season. The club's strategy consists of three choices: the length of the honeymoon period during which it will not consider sacking a new manager, the level of the performance trapdoor below which the manager get the sack, and the weight that it will give to more recent games compared to earlier ones. Some data from the last six seasons of the English Premiership are used to calibrate the model. At this early stage of the research, the best strategy appears to have only a short honeymoon period of eight games (much less than the actual shortest period of 12 games), to set the trapdoor at 0.74 points per game, and to put 47% of the weight on the last five games. A club adopting this strategy would obtain on average 56.8 points per season, compared to a Premiership average of 51.8 points. 相似文献
100.