Duality of Non-Homogeneous Central Herz-Morrey-Musielak-Orlicz Spaces

We determine the associate space of non-homogeneous central Herz-Morrey-Musielak-Orlicz space \(\mathcal {H}^{\Phi ,q,\omega }(\textbf {R}^{N})\). We also determine the associate spaces of the space \(\underline {\mathcal {H}}^{\Phi ,q,\omega }(\textbf {R}^{N})\) and its complementary space \(\overline {\mathcal {H}}^{\Phi ,q,\omega }(\textbf {R}^{N})\).     

Photoinduced reversible changes in morphology of plasmonic Ag nanorods on TiO2 and application to versatile photochromism

We achieved reversible changes in length and spectrum of Ag nanorods based on plasmon-induced photoelectrochemical reactions. The changes are applied to multi-wavelength and dual-polarization photochromism in visible-infrared regions. It allows display of invisible images viewable only by infrared cameras. Also possible is display of superimposed visible and invisible images.     

Approximate identities and Young type inequalities in Musielak-Orlicz spaces

We discuss the convergence of approximate identities in Musielak-Orlicz spaces extending the results given by Cruz-Uribe and Fiorenza (2007) and the authors F.-Y. Maeda, Y. Mizuta and T. Ohno (2010). As in these papers, we treat the case where the approximate identity is of potential type and the case where the approximate identity is defined by a function of compact support. We also give a Young type inequality for convolution with respect to the norm in Musielak-Orlicz spaces.     

The simulation of turbulent particle‐laden channel flow by the Lattice Boltzmann method

We perform direct numerical simulation of three‐dimensional turbulent flows in a rectangular channel, with a lattice Boltzmann method, efficiently implemented on heavily parallel general purpose graphical processor units. After validating the method for a single fluid, for standard boundary layer problems, we study changes in mean and turbulent properties of particle‐laden flows, as a function of particle size and concentration. The problem of physical interest for this application is the effect of water droplets on the turbulent properties of a high‐speed air flow, near a solid surface. To do so, we use a Lagrangian tracking approach for a large number of rigid spherical point particles, whose motion is forced by drag forces caused by the fluid flow; particle effects on the latter are in turn represented by distributed volume forces in the lattice Boltzmann method. Results suggest that, while mean flow properties are only slightly affected, unless a very large concentration of particles is used, the turbulent vortices present near the boundary are significantly damped and broken down by the turbulent motion of the heavy particles, and both turbulent Reynolds stresses and the production of turbulent kinetic energy are decreased because of the particle effects. We also find that the streamwise component of turbulent velocity fluctuations is increased, while the spanwise and wall‐normal components are decreased, as compared with the single fluid channel case. Additionally, the streamwise velocity of the carrier (air) phase is slightly reduced in the logarithmic boundary layer near the solid walls. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Search for Lorentz and CPT violation effects in Muon spin precession

The spin precession frequency of muons stored in the (g-2) storage ring has been analyzed for evidence of Lorentz and CPT violation. Two Lorentz and CPT violation signatures were searched for a nonzero delta omega a(=omega a mu+ - omega a mu-) and a sidereal variation of omega a mu+/-). No significant effect is found, and the following limits on the standard-model extension parameters are obtained: bZ = -(1.0+/-1.1) x 10(-23) GeV; (m mu dZ0 + HXY)=(1.8+/-6.0) x 10(-23) GeV; and the 95% confidence level limits b perpendicular mu+ <1.4 x 10(-24) GeV and b perpendicular mu- <2.6 x 10(-24) GeV.     

FRET structure with non-radiative acceptor provided by dye-linker–glass surface complex and single-molecule photodynamics by TIRFM-polarized imaging

We present our recent study of microscopic single-molecule imaging on the artificial complex of tetramethylrhodamine linked with a propyl chain onto silica glass surface, i.e. an asymmetric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) structure with non-radiative acceptor. In the synthesis of the complex, we used a mixture of two kinds of isomers to introduce rather small photodynamic difference among them. This isomeric structure change will provide more or less a distinctive photophysical change in e.g. non-radiative relaxation rate. Our recent observation at room temperatures, so far, shows that such contributions can be discriminated in the histograms of the fluorescent spot intensities; broad but distinctive multi-components appear. To identify the isomeric difference as a cause of structures, some configurational assumptions are necessary. One such basic prerequisite is that the transition dipoles of the chromophores should be oriented almost parallel to the glass surface. In order to make clear the modeling, we also provide preliminary experiments on the polarization dependence of the imaging under rotating polarization in epi-illumination.     

Negative Electrorheological Effect of Silicone Gels Containing Barium Titanate

Summary: We observed the negative electrorheological phenomenon on swollen silicone gels containing barium titanate. Contrary, no negative electrorheological effect was observed in unswollen silicone gels containing barium titanate and silicon gels without barium titanate. The change in storage modulus increased with increasing DC electric field strength. The effects of frequency, degree of swelling, and the field strength have been investigated.

Electric‐field dependence of the change in storage modulus at f = 0.1 Hz for swollen silicone/BaTiO₃ gels with varying CAT content; (○): CAT 0.1, (□): CAT 0.2, (⋄): CAT 0.3, (×): SG.     

Polymerization of ethylene molecules chemisorbed on CrOH+ as a model system of chromium-containing catalyst

The reaction process of the production of CrOH(C2H4)2(+) was studied in connection with the ethylene polymerization on a silica-supported chromium oxide catalyst (the Phillips catalyst). Cluster ions CrOH(C2H4)2(+) and CrOH(C4H8)+ were produced by the reactions of CrOH+ with C2H4 (ethylene) and C4H8 (1-butene), respectively, and were allowed to collide with a Xe atom under single collision conditions. The cross section for dissociation of each parent cluster ion was measured as a function of the collision energy (collision-induced dissociation, or CID). It was found that (i) the CID cross section for the production of CrOH+ from CrOH(C2H4)2(+) increases sharply at the threshold energy of 3.16 +/- 0.22 eV and (ii) the CID cross section for the production of CrOH+ and C4H8 from CrOH(C4H8)+ also increases sharply at the threshold energy of 3.26 +/- 0.21 eV. In comparison with the calculations based on a B3LYP hybrid density functional method, it is concluded that two ethylene molecules in CrOH(C2H4)2(+) are polymerized to become 1-butene. The calculation also shows that the dimerization proceeds via CrOH(C2H4)+ (ethylene complex) and CrOH(C2H4)2(+) (ethylene complex), in which the ethylene molecules bind with CrOH+ through a pi-bonding.