Local state probabilities for solvable restricted solid-on-solid models:A n,D n,D n (1) , andA n (1)

The local state probabilities (LSPs) are exactly computed for four hierarchies of solvable lattice models. They are restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) models whose local states and their adjacent conditions are specified by Dinkin diagrams of typesA _n,D _n,D _n ⁽¹⁾ andA _n ⁽¹⁾ . The LSPs are expressed in terms of modular functions characterized by branching identities among the theta functions. Their automorphic properties are used to study the critical behaviors. Some fine structures are found in the spectrum of the critical exponents.     

Highly selective reduction of no in excess oxygen through the intermediate addition of reductant between oxidation and reduction catalysts

Intermediate addition of reductant (named an IAR method) into a NO+O₂ stream between an oxidation catalyst of NO to NO₂ and a reduction catalyst of NOx to N₂ has been evidenced to be a very effective method to selectively reduce NO to N₂ in the presence of excess oxygen. Here Pt-MFI has been employed as an oxidation catalyst, Na-, Mg-, Ca-, Ba-, Zn-and In-MFI have been examined as the reduction catalysts and the reductant was ethene. The combination of Pt-and Zn-MFI was the most effective. The efficiency of ethene, namely the molar ratio of the amount of NO reduced to that of ethene consumed, reached 1.9 and was much higher than 1.4 of conventional reduction on Cu-MFI.     

Enzyme monolayer- and bilayer-modified electrodes with diaphorase and dehydrogenases

Diaphorase was immobilized covalently as a monolayer on a tin(IV) oxide electrode, and the diaphorase electrode thus obtained responded to NADH amperometrically in the presence of ferricyanide or 2,6-dichloroindophenol as the electron mediator. The response was one to two orders of magnitude larger than that of a bare electrode. Further derivatization of the diaphorase electrode with a dehydrogenase (glucose, lactate or alcohol dehydrogenase), which reduces NAD to NADH by reaction with the substrate, yielded dehydrogenase/diaphorase heterobilayer-modified electrodes. These electrodes functioned as sensors for the respective substrate with NAD and ferricyanide as the mediators. Each bilayer electrode responded to the substrate only in the presence of added NAD; this provides evidence for the essential contribution of diaphorase to the sensor performance. As much as 60 to 80% of the electron mediator reduced by the enzymatic reaction was utilized in the amperometric response.     

Characterization of geometrid sex pheromones by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The utility of liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) was demonstrated for studies on chiral unsaturated epoxy compounds, sex pheromones produced mainly by female moths in the family Geometridae. By electrospray ionization (ESI), each synthetic epoxyalkadiene derived from (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-triene with a C(18)-C(23) straight chain showed three ion series, [M + NH(4)](+), [M + H](+) and [M - OH](+), with high resolution and good sensitivity, indicating its molecular formula. In addition to these, characteristic fragment ions at m/z M - 57 and M - 71 for the 3,4-epoxides and at m/z M - 123 and 123 for the 9,10-epoxides were detected, whereas the 6,7-epoxides did not produce fragment ions that reflected their structures. Monitoring these diagnostic ions during the LC/MS analysis of a gland extract, the natural sex pheromone of the mulberry looper was confirmed to be (Z,Z)-cis-9,10-epoxy-3,6-octadecadiene, which was separable from the other positional isomers on an ODS column. Furthermore, (Z,Z)-cis-3,4-epoxy-6,9-nonadecadiene secreted by the Japanese giant looper was analyzed with a chiral column, and the stereochemistry was determined directly.     

TiO2 films loaded with silver nanoparticles: control of multicolor photochromic behavior

Ag-TiO(2) films exhibiting multicolor photochromism were prepared by photoelectrochemical reduction of Ag(+) to Ag nanoparticles in nanoporous TiO(2) films under UV light. Color of the Ag-TiO(2) film, initially brownish-gray, changes under a colored visible light to the color of the light and reverts to brownish-gray under UV light. Their chromogenic properties were improved by simultaneous irradiation for Ag deposition with UV and blue lights to suppress the formation of anisotropic Ag particles. Nonvolatilization of a color image was also achieved by removing Ag(+) that was generated during the irradiation with a colored light. Once nonvolatilized, the image can be reproduced by UV light, even after the image is discolored under white light. This new effect evidenced that nanopores in the TiO(2) film determine the resonance wavelengths of the Ag particles, as their molds. In addition, solvatochromic behavior of the Ag-TiO(2) film proved that nanospaces left around the Ag nanoparticles affect the resonance wavelengths of the Ag particles.     

Simultaneous evaluation of toxicities using a mammalian cell array chip prepared by photocatalytic lithography

A prototype of a mammalian cell array chip was developed on a flat glass surface. A superhydrophilic (water contact angle = 5°)/highly hydrophobic (120°) pattern was prepared on a fluorinated polymer-coated glass surface by means of photocatalytic lithography, and A549 (a human alveolar epithelial cell line), Hep G2 (a human hepatoma cell line) and mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells were inoculated onto the superhydrophilic regions. The cell populations were confined in the superhydrophilic regions for at least 24 h and separated from each other for at least one week. Organ-specific toxicity of aflatoxin B₁ and non-specific toxicity of adriamycin were successfully detected by using the cell array chip.     

Asymptotic Stability of Lattice Solitons in the Energy Space

Orbital and asymptotic stability for 1-soliton solutions of the Toda lattice equations as well as for small solitary waves of the FPU lattice equations are established in the energy space. Unlike analogous Hamiltonian PDEs, the lattice equations do not conserve the adjoint momentum. In fact, the Toda lattice equation is a bidirectional model that does not fit in with the existing theory for the Hamiltonian systems by Grillakis, Shatah and Strauss. To prove stability of 1-soliton solutions, we split a solution around a 1-soliton into a small solution that moves more slowly than the main solitary wave and an exponentially localized part. We apply a decay estimate for solutions to a linearized Toda equation which has been recently proved by Mizumachi and Pego to estimate the localized part. We improve the asymptotic stability results for FPU lattices in a weighted space obtained by Friesecke and Pego.     

Synthesis and potential central nervous system stimulant activity of 5,8‐methanoquinazolines and bornano‐triazines fused with imidazole and pyrimidine

Starting from 3‐chloro‐5,8‐methanoquinazoline 1 and 3‐chloro‐bornano[1,2,4]triazine 7 , the novel 5,8‐methanoquinazolines 5a‐b and bornano[1,2,4]triazines 10a‐b fused with imidazole and pyrimidine were prepared. None of these compounds showed any satisfactory central nervous system stimulant activities.