全文获取类型
收费全文 | 62372篇 |
免费 | 10593篇 |
国内免费 | 7457篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 44419篇 |
晶体学 | 835篇 |
力学 | 3726篇 |
综合类 | 475篇 |
数学 | 7226篇 |
物理学 | 23741篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 141篇 |
2023年 | 1251篇 |
2022年 | 2052篇 |
2021年 | 2345篇 |
2020年 | 2701篇 |
2019年 | 2555篇 |
2018年 | 2181篇 |
2017年 | 2102篇 |
2016年 | 3062篇 |
2015年 | 3063篇 |
2014年 | 3648篇 |
2013年 | 4663篇 |
2012年 | 5839篇 |
2011年 | 5873篇 |
2010年 | 4118篇 |
2009年 | 3920篇 |
2008年 | 4226篇 |
2007年 | 3706篇 |
2006年 | 3287篇 |
2005年 | 2803篇 |
2004年 | 2158篇 |
2003年 | 1704篇 |
2002年 | 1590篇 |
2001年 | 1287篇 |
2000年 | 1121篇 |
1999年 | 1240篇 |
1998年 | 993篇 |
1997年 | 915篇 |
1996年 | 900篇 |
1995年 | 809篇 |
1994年 | 698篇 |
1993年 | 579篇 |
1992年 | 494篇 |
1991年 | 448篇 |
1990年 | 377篇 |
1989年 | 276篇 |
1988年 | 205篇 |
1987年 | 177篇 |
1986年 | 179篇 |
1985年 | 159篇 |
1984年 | 105篇 |
1983年 | 108篇 |
1982年 | 65篇 |
1981年 | 47篇 |
1980年 | 30篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1975年 | 22篇 |
1972年 | 21篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Rong-Qiang Fu Tong-Wen Xu Yi-Yun Cheng Wei-Hua Yang Zhong-Xiao Pan 《Journal of membrane science》2004,240(1-2):141-147
Starburst dendrimer polyamidoamine (PAMAM) with ellipsoidal or spheroidal shape is structure-regular and has much more amino groups than conventional polymers. This paper investigates the possibility of these amino groups on water dissociation in a bipolar membrane interface. To do this, a bipolar membrane is prepared by casting the solution of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) on a commercial anion exchange membrane that is immersed in PAMAM aqueous solution in advance. The existence of PAMAM adsorbed on the membrane is proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the adsorption amount is evaluated by weighting method. The junction thickness of the prepared bipolar membrane is determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the performance is evaluated by current–voltage curves. The experiments show that both the generation and concentration of PAMAM would strongly affect the characteristics of the bipolar membranes. There exists a transitional concentration for various generations PAMAMs to catalyze effectively the water dissociation, and above or below the transitional concentration the performance of bipolar membranes is decreasing. The higher the generation, the lower the concentration. Moreover, at a fixed solution concentration, there is not the simple relation of monotone decreasing or increasing between the performance of bipolar membranes and the generations of PAMAMs. All these can be explained according to the characteristics of PAMAMs combined with available water dissociation theory. 相似文献
992.
建立了全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测植物源性食品中34种农药残留的分析方法。方法利用全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统涡旋振动和离心功能,将手动QuEChERS方法中样品提取和分散固相萃取相结合;优化了操作参数及前处理步骤,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,基质匹配外标法定量。从方法学验证角度对全自动QuEChERS法与手动QuEChERS法进行了比较。结果表明:该方法中大多数农药在一定范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)均大于0.99,检出限为0.76~3.60 μg/kg,定量限为2.28~10.80 μg/kg,加标回收率为53.0%~125.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)<15.9%(n=5)。该方法与手动QuEChERS法的方法验证比对结果显示差异不明显,用于植物源性食品中多农药残留检测可有效降低劳动强度和出错概率。 相似文献
993.
Moon Hwan Cho Seung Chang Yang Nam Keun Yang Yongjin Kang Jaejung Ko 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1998,30(4):279-287
The thermodynamic parameters for the interaction of Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, andAg+ with the new title ligand have been determined by titration calorimetry in 50% THF–methanol (V/V) at 25 °C.Ag+ exhibited remarkably higher complexation selectivity.Ag+ and several transition metal ions have been transportedusing this ligand as carrier in a bulk liquid membrane. CompetitiveAg+–M2+ transport studies have also beencarried out for the same system. In this membrane transport study, high transport of Ag+ was observed in both single and competitiveAg+–M2+ transport studies. The complexformation of N,N-bis[o-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]ethylenediamine (P2N2) with silver,[Ag(P2N2)] (NO3), (1) is reported. Complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. 1 ismonoclinic, space group P21/n (No. 14), with cell dimensionsa = 13.398(4) , b=12.577(5) , c = 21.521(4) , =100.14(2) , V = 3570(2) 3 and Z = 4. 相似文献
994.
A microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography method has been firstly used for the separation of the therapeutically important xanthones from Securidaca inappendiculata. The separation of the nine xanthones was systematically optimized with respect to pH, composition of microemulsion,addition of cyclodextrins, applied voltage and column temperature. Baseline separation was successfully achieved for the nine xanthones, which was also compared with that by micellar electrokinetic chromtography. 相似文献
995.
Hoong‐Kun Fun Qingli Hao Jiang Wu Xujie Yang Lude Lu Xin Wang Suchada Chantrapromma Ibrahim Abdul Razak Anwar Usman 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2002,58(2):m87-m88
In the structure of the title compound, [CuII(en)2][(EtO)2P(S)S]2 (en is ethylenediamine) or [Cu(C2H8N2)2](C4H10O2PS2)2, the Cu atom lies on a center of inversion and is coordinated in a slightly distorted square coordination geometry by four N atoms from two ethylenediamine molecules. The diethyl dithiophosphate moieties, (EtO)2P(S)S?, act as counter‐anions. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
石墨炉原子吸收光谱无标样分析法的研究:Ⅰ.消除基体干扰 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实现石墨炉原子吸收光谱绝对分析必须消除基体干扰,本研究采用有机基体改进剂,管壁原子化、热解涂层石墨管,峰面积积分吸收信号,D2灯或Zeeman效应扣除背景,有效地控制和消除了海水基体对As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和V等元素的干扰,实现了无干扰测定。 相似文献
999.
本文对优化液相色谱分离条件的重叠分辨率法进行了改进与扩展:首先利用全范围的二元线性梯度淋洗进行溶剂强度的优化,再通过重叠分辨率法进行了溶剂选择性的优化,并且建立了计算机系统,使此方法程序化。利用此方法建立了分离N-二茂铁甲酰基-N'-芳基硫脲类衍生物的最佳流动相体系。 相似文献
1000.
Song Yinjie Zhang Hui Yang Qiaoling Zhao Aimin 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,198(2):375-384
Two kinds of crystalline zirconium phosphate, - and -ZrP were prepared by direct method, and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis and pH titration. The total exchange capacity of -ZrP and -ZrP for Na+ ions determined by pH titration was 8.80 mmol/(g Zr(HPO4)2·6H2O) and 3.80 mmol/(g NH4ZrH(PO4)2·H2O), respectively. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant of exchange reactions on -ZrP and on -ZrP at 25.0°C is 2.5 and 1.1, respectively. Although UO
2
2+
in solution is more preferred by -ZrP than by -ZrP, the selectivity of -ZrP for UO
2
2+
decreases with decreasing pH value while less effect of pH on the amount of UO
2
2+
ions exchanged to -ZrP has been found. It is also interesting to find out that both H+ and NH
4
+
ions in -ZrP can be replaced by UO
2
2+
ions existed in concentrated solution. 相似文献