Physics design of a 10 MeV, 6 kW travelling wave electron linac for industrial applications

We present the physics design of a 10 MeV, 6 kW S-band (2856 MHz) electron linear accelerator (linac), which has been recently built and successfully operated at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore. The accelerating structure is a 2π/3 mode constant impedance travelling wave structure, which comprises travelling wave buncher cells, followed by regular accelerating cells. The structure is designed to accelerate 50 keV electron beam from the electron gun to 10 MeV. This paper describes the details of electromagnetic design simulations to fix the mechanical dimensions and tolerances, as well as heat loss calculations in the structure. Results of design simulations have been compared with those obtained using approximate analytical formulae. The beam dynamics simulation with space charge is performed and the required magnetic field profile for keeping the beam focussed in the linac has been evaluated and discussed. An important feature of a travelling wave linac (in contrast with standing wave linac) is that it accepts the RF power over a band of frequencies. Three-dimensional transient simulations of the accelerating structure along with the input and output couplers have been performed using the software CST-MWS to explicitly demonstrate this feature.     

Hypersurface-homogeneous Universe filled with perfect fluid in <Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis>) theory of gravity

The exact solutions of the field equations with respect to hypersurface-homogeneous Universe filled with perfect fluid in the framework of f(R, T) theory of gravity (Harko et al, Phys. Rev. D 84, 024020 (2011)) is derived. The physical behaviour of the cosmological model is studied.     

Experimental Verification of Left-Handed Metamaterials Composed of Coplanar Electric and Magnetic Resonators

We verified experimentally left-handed metamaterials （LHM） composed of coplanar electric and magnetic resonators. A typical LHM sample composed of coplanar resonator unit cells was fabricated, investigated and tested. The experimental results show that the tested sample has a left-handed band of width 1.4 GHz in the X band. The experimental results agree quite well with the simulation ones. Moreover, both the simulation and experimental results show that the LHM under study can automatically achieve good impedance-matching in the left-handed band.     

Fast Gaussian wavepacket transforms and Gaussian beams for the Schrödinger equation

This paper introduces a wavepacket-transform-based Gaussian beam method for solving the Schrödinger equation. We focus on addressing two computational issues of the Gaussian beam method: how to generate a Gaussian beam representation for general initial conditions and how to perform long time propagation for any finite period of time. To address the first question, we introduce fast Gaussian wavepacket transforms and develop on top of them an efficient initialization algorithm for general initial conditions. Based on this new initialization algorithm, we address the second question by reinitializing the beam representation when the beams become too wide. Numerical examples in one, two, and three dimensions demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms. The methodology can be readily generalized to deal with other semi-classical quantum mechanical problems.     

The impact of ice particle roughness on the scattering phase matrix

The goal of this study is to explore the influence of ice particle habit (or shape) and surface roughness on the scattering phase matrix. As an example, reported here are the results for two wavelengths: 0.67 and 1.61 μm. For this effort, a database of single-scattering properties has been computed for a set of habits including hexagonal plates, hollow and solid columns, hollow and solid 3D bullet rosettes, droxtals, aggregates of solid columns, and aggregates of plates. The database provides properties for each of the habits at 101 wavelengths between 0.45 and 2.24 μm for smooth, moderately roughened, and severely roughened particles. At each wavelength, the scattering properties are provided at 233 discrete particle diameters ranging from 2 to 10,000 μm. A single particle size distribution from a very cold ice cloud sampled during the CRYSTAL-FACE field campaign (T_cld=–76 °C) is used to illustrate the influence of habit and roughness on the phase matrix. In all, four different habit mixtures are evaluated. The nonzero elements of the phase matrix are shown to be quite sensitive to the assumed habit, particularly in the case of ?P₁₂/P₁₁ that is associated with the degree of linear polarization of scattered radiation. Surface roughness is shown to smooth out maxima in the scattering phase function and in the other elements of the phase matrix, consistent with other studies. To compare with the theoretical simulations of the phase matrix for smooth and roughened particles, a full year of cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP) data from 2008 is analyzed to provide global statistics on the values of P₁₁ and P₂₂/P₁₁ in the backscattering direction. In a comparison of two of the habit mixtures (one used for MODIS Collection 5 and another that incorporates new habits including hollow bullet rosettes and aggregates of plates) with the CALIOP data, the values for P₁₁ are higher regardless of the degree of particle surface roughness, and the values for P₂₂/P₁₁ are lower than those for CALIOP. Further investigation is warranted to better understand this discrepancy.     

Study of a narrowband reflection filter with multi-channels

Reflection filters have various applications in optical communication and other systems.In this letter,we propose a narrowband high-reflection filter composed of dielectric and metallic layers,in which an optimized filter combined with an admittance-matching layer with broad stop band is achieved.The structure can be expressed as Sub ｜ （HL）13H2L（HL）313Cr0.84H ｜ air,with full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） bandwidth of 2.5 nm.Based on this structure,reflection filters with multi-peaks are presented,and the law of distribution of peak positions is drawn.     

离子色谱测定土壤中Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)

介绍了离子色谱法测定土壤中Cl-和SO24-的可行性以及相关的前处理方法,通过一定前处理方法,减少土壤中杂质对测定的干扰和对色谱柱的污染。有效选取提取液的种类和浓度及提取时间,准确测定了土壤中Cl-和SO42-含量。Cl-和SO42-的相对标准偏差分别为2.70%、2.89%,检出限分别为0.1950、0.2230μg.mL-1,平均回收率分别为106.7%,95.8%。方法简便,快速、灵敏度高。     

利用电化学微分质谱在燃料电池的阴极研究碳载体的氧化

利用电化学微分质谱,在双薄层流动电解池中,通过检测二氧化碳产物的信号研究氧气与铂纳米粒子对碳载体氧化机理与动力学的影响．研究发现,碳载体可以在不同的电位区间内被氧化;氧气可以加速碳的氧化,在相同的电位下碳氧化生成二氧化碳产物的速率在氧气饱和溶液中是在氮气饱和溶液中的两倍;铂纳米粒子可以催化碳的氧化,在碳电极上,担载的铂纳米粒子可以大大降低碳氧化的过电势．讨论了铂与氧气促进碳氧化的机理．     

Simulation of dielectric resonator for a high-T_c radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device

Nowadays,the high-critical-temperature radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (high-T c rf SQUID) is usually coupled to a dielectric resonator that is a standard 10 × 10 × 1 mm 3 SrTiO 3 (STO) substrate with a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) thin-film flux focuser deposited on it.Recently,we have simulated a dielectric resonator for the high-T c rf SQUID by using the ANSOFT High Frequency Structure Simulator (ANSOFT HFSS).We simulate the resonant frequency and the quality factor of our dielectric resonator when it is unloaded or matches a 50-impedance.The simulation results are quite close to the practical measurements.Our study shows that ANSOFT HFSS is quite suitable for simulating the dielectric resonator used for the high-T c rf SQUID.Therefore,we think the ANSOFT HFSS can be very helpful for investigating the characteristics of dielectric resonators for high-T c rf SQUIDs.     

线性啁啾光纤光栅的数值分析

本文利用耦合模方程对线性啾光纤光栅的反射谱进行了计算,并讨论了方程中各参数对计算结果的影响.