Confusion effects with sinusoidal and narrow-band noise forward maskers

In some forward-masking conditions, signal thresholds may be elevated by the listener's inability to distinguish the signal from the preceding masker. In this study, such "confusion" effects are investigated for both sinusoidal and narrow-band noise forward maskers combined with sinusoidal signals of varying duration. Results for the sinusoidal maskers show effects of off-frequency listening for brief signals and possibly small effects of confusion for longer signals. Results for the narrow-band noise maskers show a marked influence of confusion over a wide range of signal durations. This range is in good agreement with that predicted from previous work with "pulsing" maskers [D. Neff, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1966-1976 (1985)]. These results suggest that studies using narrow-band noise forward maskers or studies of psychophysical suppression should include direct tests for confusion effects in key conditions.     

Al2O3-supported Fe?Ni catalysts for CO hydrogenation, I. Catalytic properties

CO conversion to hydrocarbons at various reaction temperatures and atmospheric pressure has been investigated on alumina-supported Fe, Ni and Fe–Ni catalysts. Maxima of activity and selectivity were obtained in hydrocarbon formation as a function of Fe content in the samples, which corresponds to a certain stoichiometry of metallic components.     

Effect of the atomic number of the support on space-charge buildup in electron-irradiated dielectric films

A study is made of the effect of the atomic number z_s of the support on the charging of thin dielectric films irradiated with 50-keV electrons at beam densities of 10^–5–10^–4 A·m². It is shown that at larger z_s the ratio between the charge-injection and pair-production rate increases, producing a higher space-charge buildup efficiency. The maximum charge increases with the current density, while is not affected. It is found that the charging process is associated with a spacecharge current.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnkh Zavedenii, Fizika, pp. 14–18, No. 1, January, 1986.     

Distribution of a nonstationary electron beam in a dense gas

The problem of the temporal and spatial dependences of the parameters of the action of a modulated fast-electron beam on a dense gas is posed on the basis of the transport equation. The problem is simplified by making it nondimensional and by transforming to the Fokker-Planck approximation. A Green's function formalism is developed for this problem and is used to express the solution of the general nonstationary problem in the form of a convolution of a nonstationary boundary flow with a stationary Green's function. The use of the derived equation is illustrated using as an example the solution of a problem with the simplest stationary Green's function corresponding to the straight-ahead approximation. This approximation is used to consider a general relativistic case with model scattering cross sections. The methods and results of a numerical computer solution of the nonstationary problem of electron retardation in the upper layer of the atmosphere are surveyed.Translated from Trudy Ordena Lenina Fizicheskogo Instituta im. P. N. Lebedeva AN SSSR, Vol. 145, pp. 172–188, 1984.     

Separation and determination of volatile compounds in synthetic wine samples by gas chromatography using UV-visible molecular absorption spectrometry as detector

This paper shows the separation and determination of eight compounds containing the OH group (ethanol, pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, hexanol, phenol, benzyl-alcohol, phenylethanol and geraniol) in synthetic wine by gas chromatography using UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrometry as detection system. All the parameters affecting the separation and determination were optimised using some methods of experiment design. The analytical characteristics of each compound were calculated and detection limits ranging from 2.3 to 74 mg l(-1) have been obtained.     

Thermodynamic properties of ternary semiconducting alloys

Using the new information supplied by extended-x-ray-absorption-fine-structure measurements and the results of our structural model, we compute the bond probability of a few ternary semiconducting III–V and II–VI alloys as a function of temperature and composition in the framework of a modified quasi-chemical approximation. We derive the thermodynamic functions of mixing, considering both elastic and chemical contributions to the bond energies. We examine how the deviation from the full randomness affects the ordering of such alloys and we construct the phase diagrams in the region of phase separation. Possible formation of ordered compounds at low temperatures is predicted.     

Synthesis in the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole series

The reduction of some dihydrothiazolobenzothiazolium salts with sodium borohydride may take place in two directions: with the formation of thiazolidino[2, 3-b]benzathiazolines and with the cleavage of the C-S bond to give N-(-mercaptoethyl)benzothiazolines. The behavior of thiazolidino[2, 3-b]benzothiazoline under the conditions of acid and alkaline hydrolysis has been studied.For communication VI, see [1].