Sympathetic cooling rate of gas-phase ions in a radio-frequency-quadrupole ion trap

We theoretically investigated the mass dependence of the sympathetic cooling rate of gas-phase ions trapped in a linear radio-frequency-quadrupole ion trap. Using an a priori molecular dynamical calculation, tracing numerically with Newtonian equations of motion, we found that ions with a mass greater than 0.54±0.04 times that of the laser-cooled ions are sympathetically cooled; otherwise, they are heated. To understand the mass dependence obtained using the molecular-dynamical calculation, we made a heat-exchange model of sympathetic cooling, which shows that the factor of 0.54±0.04 is a consequence of absence of micro-motion along the axis of the linear ion trap. Received: 10 December 2001 / Revised version: 28 January 2002 / Published online: 14 March 2002     

Method of linear prediction in the ultrasonic spectroscopy of rock

The possibility of using the resonant acoustic spectroscopy method for testing the internal state of rock is considered. This method can be used for the determination of the concentration of defects and their spatial distribution. A rock specimen with defects is characterized by a high loss of vibrational energy, which leads to the overlapping of the resonant responses. In this case, the complex resonant frequencies are determined as the parameters of a model that describes the measured transfer function of the response of the mechanical system. The linearity of the vibratory system is used as the a priori information for presetting the functional dependences of the model. An algorithm is developed for the determination of the parameters of the resonances in conditions of their partial overlapping. Examples are presented to demonstrate the possibility of analyzing the complex elastic constant tensor of rock by the acoustic spectroscopy method. The proposed method of experimental data processing provides the possibility for the determination of the weak anisotropy that occurs in the velocity of sound because of a partial fracture of rock.     

Conditional Time Before Ruin of an Insurance Company

The statistical characteristics of conditional time before ruin of an insurance company, including the distribution function of conditional time and its moments are examined.     

The Universe in the Logunov Metric

Exact solutions of the Lagrange equations in the Logunov metric are found in the context of classical gravitation theory.     

Boundary Problems for the Quantum Bose Gas

A relaxation kinetic equation that describes the behavior of a Bose gas is derived. The Kramers half-space problem on isothermal slip is treated. An analytical solution and the number-of-particle distribution function for particles flying toward a wall, in explicit form, are obtained. The dependence of the slip velocity on the parameter that is the ratio of the chemical potential to the product of Boltzmann's constant by the absolute temperature is analyzed. The influence of the quantum effects on the isothermal slip coefficient is evaluated for He⁴.     

The effect of geoacoustic characteristics of the bottom on the long-range sound propagation in an inhomogeneous ocean

The long-range sound propagation from a deep ocean to a receiving system located on the shelf is modeled. The waveguide model is constructed on the basis of the data of an acoustic-oceanographic experiment carried out in the northwestern Pacific. The sensitivity and the frequency dependence of the difference in the sound field levels at the crossing of the frontal zone on the geoacoustic characteristics of the bottom of the shelf and the continental slope are investigated. It is shown that the level difference decreases by 8.2 dB as the velocity of longitudinal waves increases by 100 m/s in the range within 1490–1820 m/s.     

The application of the construction of Kolmogorov complexity and of a theorem by Maslov to semiotic systems

The results obtained in V. P. Maslov’s article [1] can automatically be carried over to arbitrary semiotic systems if the string of signs is sufficiently long. We shall show in this article, by using arguments based on the ideas of Kolmogorov complexity and by applying the theorem of V. P. Maslov from [2], that one can obtain similar formulas for the distribution of various semiotic objects. In order to do this, we must introduce notions generalizing the occurrence frequency of words in corpora of texts. We also interpret a formula due to Maslov (appearing in [3]) from the point of view of the general semiotic notions introduced here.     

Fast and Slow Diffusion of Channelized Particles in Transverse Energy Space

The Fokker–Planck-type kinetic equation is constructed with the help of the evolution equation for the transverse energy of channelized particles, which in its turn is derived beyond the framework of perturbation theory proceeding from the condition of nonconcervation of the adiabatic invariant.