The vibrational spectra of maleimide and N-D maleimide

The infrared spectra of maleimide as a vapour (160°C), melt (100°C), oriented polycrystalline film, pellet and when dissolved in various solvents were recorded between 4000 and 400 cm^?1. Also certain spectra in the far infrared region 400-40 cm^?1 were obtained. Raman spectra of the crystalline solid, melt and as a saturated solution in acetonitrile were recorded and semiquantitative polarization measurements carried out. For N-D maleimide infrared and Raman spectra of the solid compound were recorded.The fundamental frequencies have been assigned in terms of C_2v, symmetry on the basis of infrared vapour contours and dichroism of the oriented film as well as on Raman polarization data. A force field was derived for maleimide, by initially transferring force constants from maleic anhydride and subsequent refinement of the force constants. The agreement between observed and calculated frequencies for the in-plane modes was satisfactory whereas certain large discrepancies remained for the out-of-plane vibrations.     

A comparison of two methods for the preparation of 3-Deazapurine ribonucleosides

The reaction of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 4,6-dichloroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine with 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl- D -ribofuranosyl bromide gave four nucleosides-the α- and β-anomers of the 1-isomer and the α- and β-anomers of the 3-isomer (3.9:2.7:1.5:1). In contrast, the fusion reaction of 4,6-dichloroimidazo[4,5-c ]pyridine with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-β- D -ribofuranose gave a high yield of the 1-β-isomer, which was converted to the known 3-deazaadenosine (4-amino-l-β- D -ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine).     

Interaction of a Cationic Polymeric Flocculant with Anionic Stabilizers in Latex

Turbidimetric titration of aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Leukanol and coagulation titration of polystyrene and polybutadiene latexes containing various amounts of these surfactants are performed.     

Bleaching of kraft cellulose by the ClO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> scheme

The influence of conditions of a two-stage treatment of deciduous and coniferous kraft cellulose (by the ClO₂-H₂O₂ scheme) on the degree of its delignification and bleaching was studied. The optimum ratio of reagents in each stage of the treatment was elucidated.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1735–1738.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Shcherbakova, Demin.     

Determination of 90 Sr in milk by solvent extraction of 90Y (author's transl)

In order to replace the conventional method using violent fuming nitric acid, a new method for the determination of 90 Sr in milk has been developed by using the solvent extraction with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP). The daughter nuclide 90Y in a radiochemical equilibrium with its parent 90Sr was extracted with 2:1 HDEHP-toluene from the acid solution (1M HCL) of milk ash sample prepared by dry-ashing. After stripping with 8M HCL, 90Y, together with stable yttrium added as carrier, was precipated as oxalate to prepare beta-counting source. The radiochemical purity was confirmed by decay curve. The decontamination of strontium was checked by applying non-dispersive fluorescence X-ray analysis using 133Ba as irradiating source. Bone samples of cow were also analyzed by the same method and the results were compared with those obtained by other methods. The duplicate crosschecking analyses of finely ground bone samples were carried out to examine the effectiveness of this method. This simple new method was found to be very effective for the routine analysis of 90Sr in these samples.     

Ethynyl carbonium ions. 1. Reaction of 2.6-diaryl-4-phenylethynylpyrulium perchlorates with oxygen-containing nucleophiles

When 2,6-diaryl-4-phenylethynylpyrylium perchlorates are refluxed in water, methanol, or ethanol, they are converted to monomethinecyanines, the formation of which is explained by hydration of the phenylethynyl group and subsequent [2+2]-cycloaddition of the resulting 2,6-diaryl-4-benzoylmethylenepyrans to the starting pyrylium salt. The corresponding pyridine derivatives were obtained by the action of ammonia and aniline on the monomethinecyanines. The IR and PMR spectra of the compounds and the results of x-ray diffraction analysis of 2,6-diphenyl-4-[1-(2,6-diphenyl-4-pyranylidene)-2-phenyl-3-benzoylallyl]pyridine are presented.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 885–890, July, 1988.     

Mössbauer study of carbide phases in catalysts for ammonia synthesis

Samples of a catalyst CA-1 for ammonia synthesis were studied. After reduction the samples were treated with CO₂ or with a mixture of 1% O₂+2.4% H₂O+CO₂ at temperatures between 600 and 783 K. Mössbauer spectroscopy data indicate that above 600 K carbide phases and magnetite are formed. A probable mechanism for carbide formation is suggested.     

Thermodynamics of micellar solubilization of various water-insoluble dyes

Summary A linear relation between the free energy of micellar solubilization,G _s ⁰ , and surfactant alkyl chain length is shown. This relation is found to be valid for various water-insoluble dyes in different homologous series of surfactants. It is further shown that the change inG _s ⁰ per added CH₂ group is constant in these various systems, within the experimental accuracy.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde gezeigt, daß zwischen der freien Energie der mizellaren SolubilisierungG _s ⁰ und der Alkylkettenlänge des Tensids eine lineare Beziehung besteht. Diese Beziehung gilt für verschiedene wasserunlösliche Farbstoffe mit verschiedenen homologen Reihen von Tensiden. Es wird weiterhin gezeigt, daß die Änderung vonG _s ⁰ pro CH₂-Gruppe in diesen verschiedenen Systemen innerhalb der experimentellen Fehlergrenze konstant ist.

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