EMF signals and ion/ligand binding kinetics: prediction of bioeffective waveform parameters

The kinetics of an electromagnetic field (EMF) target pathway are used to estimate frequency windows for EMF bioeffects. Ion/ligand binding is characterized via first order kinetics from which a specific electrical impedance can be derived. The resistance/capacitance properties of the binding pathway impedance, determined by the kinetics of the rate-determining step, define the frequency range over which the target pathway is most sensitive to external EMF. Applied signals may thus be configured such that their spectral content closely matches that of the target, using evaluation of the signal to thermal noise ratio to optimize waveform parameters. Using the approach proposed in this study, a pulsed radio frequency (PRF) waveform, currently employed clinically for soft tissue repair, was returned by modulation of burst duration, producing significant bioeffects at substantially reduced signal amplitude. Application is made to Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent myosin phosphorylation, for which the binding time constants may be estimated from reported kinetics, neurite outgrowth from embryonic chick dorsal root explants and bone repair in a fracture model. The results showed that the retuned signal produced increased phosphorylation rates, neurite outgrowth and biomechanical strength that were indistinguishable from those produced by the clinical signal, but with a tenfold reduction in peak signal amplitude, approximately 800-fold reduction in average amplitude and approximately 10(6)-fold reduction in average power.     

The order parameter, its fluctuations, and the debye-waller factor of Hg2Cl2 model Ferroelastics

Data on the temperature behavior of the order parameter and its fluctuations were obtained by studying the X-ray reflexes and acoustic soft modes generated from X points on the boundary of the Brillouin zone in the paraphase of Hg₂Cl₂ crystals induced by phase transition and the doubling of unit cells. The corresponding critical exponents, the values of which coincide within the experimental error and testify to how close the phase transition in these crystals is to the tricritical point, are determined by means of X-ray structural analysis and spectroscopic investigations.     

Numerical Simulation of the Tube Flow of a Mixture with Chemical Reactions and Condensation

The results of calculating a model of a direct-flow chemical vapor-deposition reactor are presented. The phase- formation stages are considered over a wide time range. This makes it possible to identify different flow structures in which interference between the heat and mass transfer and chemical condensation processes occurs.     

Mechanism of PbSe y S1 − y film formation in chemical deposition from aqueous solutions

The growth mechanism of PbSe _y S_{1 ? y} films has been studied upon chemical deposition from aqueous solutions using scanning probe microscopy. A comparative morphological analysis of layers deposited at the initial growth stages and the use of fractal formalism shows that the formation of films of PbS, PbSe, and PbSe _y S_{1 ? y} substitutional solid solutions involves cluster-cluster aggregation with self-organization elements.     

Steady-state solutions of the Vlasov-Maxwell system and their stability

The study of the Vlasov-Maxwell system is reduced to nonlinear elliptic equations in the stationary case and hyperbolic equations in the nonstationary case. On this basis, theorems on the existence of solutions and sufficient conditions of Lyapunov stability are obtained. The cases are considered when electromagnetic fields and distribution functions can be constructed in an implicit form.     

Diffuse X-ray scattering and nanoclusters in the Hg2Br2 model ferroelastics

Diffuse maxima are revealed and studied for the first time in the x-ray scattering patterns of Hg₂Br₂ single crystals. These maxima originate from clusters of the orthorhombic phase due to the phase transition in the paraphase tetragonal matrix. The nucleation and growth of clusters are initiated by spatiotemporal fluctuations of the order parameter corresponding to the soft transverse acoustic mode at X points of the Brillouin zone boundary. Information on the behavior of the susceptibility and correlation length with variations in temperature and on the shape and anisotropy of the clusters is obtained, and the critical exponents are determined.     

Broadband interference filters

The characteristics of two-component broadband interference filtering coatings are calculated for the middle-infrared spectral range. Up to now, these characteristics have been obtained only for four-component interference coatings.     

Global magnetospheric perturbations stimulated by the plasma wave discharge in the lower ionosphere

In this paper we discuss a new method of controlled stimulation of global perturbations and the diagnostics of plasma physical processes in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere of the Earth. The method was realized with a series of rocket experiments by means of excitation of the radio frequency plasma wave discharge in the near field of the dipole antenna [1–4]. We focus considerable attention on the results obtained in these experiments testifying to the wide choice and diversity of potentialities of this new method.Radiophysical Research Institute. Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Published in Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 799–806, June, 1994.