Some features of formation and dissolution of a series of Pu(IV) and Zr alkyl and butyl alkyl phosphates in the system tBP — N-dodecane — Nitric acid — Water

The formation and composition of salts produced on interaction of a series of alkyl- and butylalkylphosphoric acids having alkyl radical chain lengths from C₄ to C₁₀ with Pu(IV) and Zr in organic and aqueous phases of the system TBP — n-dodecane — nitric acid — water have been studied. The composition of compounds was found to depend on the conditions of their formation, being defined first of all by the HNO₃ concentration in aqueous and organic phases.     

Facile Separation,Spectroscopic Identification,and Electrochemical Properties of Higher Trifluoromethylated Derivatives of [70]Fullerene

We survey the structure and electronic properties of the family of higher trifluoromethylated C₇₀(CF₃)_n molecules with n=14, 16, 18, and 20. Twenty‐two available compounds, of which thirteen are newly obtained and characterized, demonstrate the broad diversity of π‐system topologies, which enabled us to study the interplay between the CF₃ addition pattern and the electronic properties. UV/Vis spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies demonstrate the importance of the exact addition pattern rather than the plain number of addends. Of particular interest is the skew pentagonal pyramid (SPP) addition pattern, which enables formation of closed‐shell cyclopentadienyl anions C₇₀(CF₃)_{n? 1} ^? through CF₃ detachment upon electron transfer. A detailed study of the process is presented for a SPP‐C₇₀(CF₃)₁₆ where potentiostatic electrolysis at the second reduction potential gives C₇₀(CF₃)₁₅^? oxidizable to a persistent C₇₀(CF₃)₁₅^· radical. Together with the literature data for the lower C₇₀(CF₃)_n compounds with n=2–12, the present results show good correlation between the experimental boundary level positions and the DFT predictions. The compounds turn out to be electron acceptor molecular semiconductors with experimental LUMO energies and HOMO–LUMO gaps within the ranges of ?4.3 to ?3.7 eV and 1.6 to 3.3 eV, respectively, depending on the shape of the conjugated fragments. The HOMO levels fall within the range of ?5.6 to ?6.9 eV and show linear correlation with the number of addends.     

Utilization of cyanobacteria in photobioreactors for orthophosphate removal from water

The effectiveness of photosynthetic free-living and polyurethane foam (PU) immobilized Anabaena variabilis cells for, removal of orthophosphate (P) from water in batch cultures and in a photobioreactor was studied. Immobilization in PU foams was found to have a positive effect on P uptake by cyanobacteria in batch cultures. The efficiency of P uptake by immobilized cells was higher than by free-living cells. A laboratory scale photobioreactor was constructed for removal of P from water by the immobilized cyanobacteria. The photobioreactor was designed so that the growth medium (water) from a reservoir was pumped through a photobioreactor column with immobilized cyanobacteria and back to the reservoir. This created a closed system in which it was possible to measure P uptake. No leakage of cells into the photobioreactor medium reservoir was observed during the operation. The immobilized cells incorporated into a photobioreactor column removed P continuously for about 15 d. No measurable uptake was demonstrated after this period. Orthophosphate uptake efficiency of 88–92% was achieved by the photobioreactor.     

Application of a Mixed Adsorbent for Flow TLC

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Numerical simulation of spinning detonation in circular section channels

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional structures of gas detonation in circular section channels that emerge due to the instability when the one-dimensional flow is initiated by energy supply at the closed end of the channel is performed. It is found that in channels with a large diameter, an irregular three-dimensional cellular detonation structure is formed. Furthermore, it is found that in channels with a small diameter circular section, the initially plane detonation wave is spontaneously transformed into a spinning detonation wave, while passing through four phases. A critical value of the channel diameter that divides the regimes with the three-dimensional cellular detonation and spinning detonation is determined. The stability of the spinning detonation wave under perturbations occurring when the wave passes into a channel with a greater (a smaller) diameter is investigated. It is found that the spin is preserved if the diameter of the next channel (into which the wave passes) is smaller (respectively, greater) than a certain critical value. The computations were performed on the Lomonosov supercomputer using from 0.1 to 10 billions of computational cells. All the computations of the cellular and spinning detonation were performed in the whole long three-dimensional channel (up to 1 m long) rather than only in its part containing the detonation wave; this made it possible to adequately simulate and investigate the features of the transformation of the detonation structure in the process of its propagation.     

Stochastic Arithmetic: s-spaces and Some Applications

It has been recently shown that computation with stochastic numbers as regard to addition and multiplication by scalars can be reduced to computation in familiar vector spaces. In this work we show how this can be used for the algebraic solution of linear systems of equations with stochastic right-hand sides. On several examples we compare the algebraic solution with the simulated solution using the CADNA package.     

Semiclassical kinetic equations for gluons allowing for spin

A system of transport quantum equations is obtained on the basis of the gauge-covariant Wigner operator for the SU(N) gauge field. The semiclassical limit of the equations is derived. After exclusion of the mean field, the kinetic equations describing nonvirtual (thermal) gluons accounting for spin are separated from the system in the collisionless approximation. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 263–278, May, 1997.     

Estimates of the local convergence rate of spectral expansions for even-order differential operators

We study the convergence rate of biorthogonal series expansions of functions in systems of root functions of a wide class of even-order ordinary differential operators defined on a finite interval. These expansions are compared with the trigonometric Fourier series expansions of the same functions in the integral or uniform metric on an arbitrary interior compact set of the main interval as well as on the entire interval. We show the dependence of the equiconvergence rate of these expansions on the distance from the compact set to the boundary of the interval, on the coefficients of the differential operation, and on the existence of infinitely many associated functions in the system of root functions.