Effect of Tin Incorporation on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Glassy Se80Te20 Alloy

We report an analysis on the hardness behavior of glassy Se80？xTe20Snx alloy. The crucial thermo-mechanical parameters （micro-hardness, volume and formation energy of micro-voids and the modulus of elasticity） are examined. The results indicate that the thermo-mechanical parameters are changed significantly after incorporation of Sn in glassy Se80Te20 alloy.     

Optical studies of two dimensional gratings in fused silica, GE 124, and Foturan glasses fabricated using femtosecond laser pulses

Herein we present results on the femtosecond laser direct writing and optical characterization studies of two dimensional gratings in fused silica, GE 124, and Foturan^™ glasses. Varieties of structures were achieved with varying input energy and spatial orientation of the samples. Various characterization techniques including fluorescence spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and laser confocal microscopy were employed to analyze the structural and physical modifications at the focal volume resulting in change of refractive index. Diffraction efficiencies of 9–12% were observed from the grating structures. A broad-band emission was observed in the laser-modified region of the Foturan glass. The obtained results are analyzed in the light of recent work in similar glasses and exploring the applications of such structures in the fields of photonics.     

Monodisperse Co,Zn-Ferrite nanocrystals: Controlled synthesis,characterization and magnetic properties

Co_xZn_yFe_3−x−yO₄ ferrite (x=1 to 0; y=0 to1) nanocrystals have been synthesized by reverse microemulsion method. The nanocrystals are then comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), and magnetic properties were measured by using Vibrating sample magnetometer. X-ray analysis showed that all the crystals were cubic spinel. The lattice constant increased with the increase in Zn substitution. FETEM reveals that particle size varies in the range from 3 to 6 nm. As the concentration of Zn increases the magnetic behavior varies from ferromagnetic at y=0 and 0.2 to superparamagnetic to paramagnetic at y=1. The Curie temperature decreases with increasing concentration of Zn.     

Analytic treatment of time fractional nonlinear operator equation with applications

In this paper, analytic treatment of time fractional nonlinear operator equation has been presented by using Adomian’s decomposition method (ADM). To illustrate the procedure, the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation of fractional order has been solved. The solution is expressed in terms of Mittag-Leffler function. The present method performs extremely well in terms of accuracy, efficiency and simplicity.     

U (2) algebraic model applied to vibrational spectra of Nickel Metalloporphyrins

In this paper the highly excited stretching and bending vibrational energy levels of some Nickel Metalloporphyrin molecules are studied by U (2) algebraic model. Its application to Nickel Octaethyl Porphyrin, Nickel Tetra Phenyl Porphyrin and Nickel Porphyrin are presented with fewer algebraic fitting parameters. The highly excited stretching and bending vibrational energy levels of these molecules are showing the energy clustering spectrum.     

Formation of Al-N co-doped p-ZnO/n-Si (1 0 0) heterojunction structure by RF co-sputtering technique

Al-N co-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al-N) thin films were grown on n-Si (1 0 0) substrate by RF co-sputtering technique. As-grown ZnO:Al-N film exhibited n-type conductivity whereas on annealing in Ar ambient the conduction of ZnO:Al-N film changes to p-type, typically at 600 °C the high hole concentration of ZnO:Al-N co-doped film was found to be 2.86 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ and a low resistivity of 1.85 × 10⁻² Ω-cm. The current-voltage characteristics of the obtained p-ZnO:Al-N/n-Si heterojunction showed good diode like rectifying behavior. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of annealed co-doped films revealed a dominant peak at 3.24 eV.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Stretching and Bending Modes of Nickel Tetraphenyl Porphyrin： an Algebraic Approach

We calculate the vibrational frequencies of nickel tetraphenyl porphyrin for 36 vibrational bands by using the U（2） algebraic approach. The algebraic parameters in the calculations are accurate with the experimental data.     

Versatile wideband balanced detector for quantum optical homodyne tomography

We present a comprehensive theory and an easy to follow method for the design and construction of a wideband homodyne detector for time-domain quantum measurements. We show how one can evaluate the performance of a detector in a specific time-domain experiment based on the electronic spectral characteristic of that detector. We then present and characterize a high-performance detector constructed using inexpensive, commercially available components such as low-noise high-speed operational amplifiers and high-bandwidth photodiodes. Our detector shows linear behavior up to a level of over 13 dB clearance between shot noise and electronic noise, in the range from DC to 100 MHz. The detector can be used for measuring quantum optical field quadratures both in the continuous-wave and pulsed regimes with standard commercial mode-locked lasers.     

Release of ultrafine particles from three simulated building processes

Building activities are recognised to produce coarse particulate matter but less is known about the release of airborne ultrafine particles (UFPs; those below 100 nm in diameter). For the first time, this study has investigated the release of particles in the 5–560 nm range from three simulated building activities: the crushing of concrete cubes, the demolition of old concrete slabs, and the recycling of concrete debris. A fast response differential mobility spectrometer (Cambustion DMS50) was used to measure particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions (PNDs) at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz in a confined laboratory room providing controlled environment and near–steady background PNCs. The sampling point was intentionally kept close to the test samples so that the release of new UFPs during these simulated processes can be quantified. Tri–modal particle size distributions were recorded for all cases, demonstrating different peak diameters in fresh nuclei (<10 nm), nucleation (10–30 nm) and accumulation (30–300 nm) modes for individual activities. The measured background size distributions showed modal peaks at about 13 and 49 nm with average background PNCs ~1.47 × 10⁴ cm⁻³. These background modal peaks shifted towards the larger sizes during the work periods (i.e. actual experiments) and the total PNCs increased between 2 and 17 times over the background PNCs for different activities. After adjusting for background concentrations, the net release of PNCs during cube crushing, slab demolition, and ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ recycling events were measured as ~0.77, 19.1, 22.7 and 1.76 (×10⁴) cm⁻³, respectively. The PNDs were converted into particle mass concentrations (PMCs). While majority of new PNC release was below 100 nm (i.e. UFPs), the bulk of new PMC emissions were constituted by the particles over 100 nm; ~95, 79, 73 and 90% of total PNCs, and ~71, 92, 93 and 91% of total PMCs, for cube crushing, slab demolition, dry recycling and wet recycling, respectively. The results of this study firmly elucidate the release of UFPs and raise a need for further detailed studies and designing health and safety related exposure guidelines for laboratory workplaces and operational building sites.     

Manifestation of the Gouy phase in vector-vortex beams

Experimental measurements of the twirl and changes in the anisotropy of the constant intensity ellipse, and the rotation of the polarization singular lemon pattern a generalized vector-vortex beam experiences around the two foci due to the converging and diverging conical waves and in between, are presented and interpreted as being due to the universal form of the Gouy phase, φ(G)=mπ/2.