Chiral Schwinger model with new regularization

A recently proposed version of the chiral Schwinger model is studied in detail in this paper. It is shown that a suitable Pauli-Villars regularization can be devised to reproduce the bosonized form of the effective action that was earlier written down. It is then shown how this anomalous gauge theory can be made gauge invariant by the introduction of a Wess-Zumino field. The equations of motion of this theory are explicitly solved in Lorentz covariant gauges. Finally, the operator solution of the fermionic form of the theory is constructed.     

Working group report: Astroparticle and neutrino physics

The working group on astroparticle and neutrino physics at WHEPP-9 covered a wide range of topics. The main topics were neutrino physics at INO, neutrino astronomy and recent constraints on dark energy coming from cosmological observations of large scale structure and CMB anisotropy.     

X-ray diffraction line profile from the aggregate of distorted crystallites. II

An expression for the fourth moment of the line profile in terms of several strain derivatives and the possibility of measuring the ‘wavelength’ of crystal distortions (λ) for any sinusoidally varying component of the strain are available. The experimental means for evaluating such strain derivatives in the expression for the fourth moment was earlier described. A numerical method for evaluating this wavelength and its subsequent use to determineλ in several samples ofα-brass is presented here. The data used are taken from the earlier paper of the authors. An attempt has been made to interpret the values ofλ and their changes with cold working and annealing in terms of lattice strain.     

Two-photon fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide based on a red-emitting benzocoumarin dye

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter and plays intriguing biological roles. To study the biological role of H₂S, efficient fluorescent probes are in great demand. For imaging of H₂S in deep-tissue, a two-photon probe that emits in the red wavelength region is of choice to avoid the autofluorescence from intrinsic biomolecules. Here, we disclose such a probe, which, developed based on an acetyl benzocoumarin fluorophore, can be excited at 900?nm under two-photon excitation and emit in the red region. The probe shows high reactivity, selectivity, and sensitivity in in vitro assays. Two-photon microscopic imaging of H₂S in HeLa cells aided by the probe demonstrates that it is potentially useful to study H₂S level changes in cells and tissues influenced by external stimuli.     

Synthesis and characterization of a new nanomagnetic coordination composite from Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> and Cu(II) complex: as an efficient catalyst in oxidation of benzyl alcohol

New nanomagnetic coordination compound, Cu(salal)@DA@ Fe₃O₄, was synthesized by bonding between the Cu(II) complex and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The Cu complex has two aldehyde groups. The surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was modified by the dopamine molecules and the amine group of dopamine is free. Therefore, the Cu complex is covalently anchored to Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle by the formation of imine bonds between the aldehyde and amine groups. On the other hand, a Cu-Schiff base complex is immobilized on nano-Fe₃O₄ by dopamine as a bridge. Consequently, the homogeneous Cu complex is easily converted to the heterogeneous-magnetic compound in this project. The Cu complex, Fe₃O₄ and new nanocomposite were characterized by general techniques such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, FESEM, MAP and EDS. The average crystallite size of Fe₃O₄ and Cu(salal)@DA@ Fe₃O₄ were calculated by Scherrer’s formula and they are 18.52 and 24.69 nm, respectively. These results indicated the average crystallite size of Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials is slightly increased by surface modification by Cu complex. The FESEM images show a tiny spherical mushroom morphology for both nanocompounds, and the EDS analysis confirms the presence of Fe, Cu, C and O in the nanomagnetic coordination composite. The catalytic properties of these compounds were studied and compared to oxidation of benzyl alcohol by 30% H₂O₂ at room temperature. The results show that the catalytic properties Cu complex and Fe₃O₄ were enhanced by cooperation of both compounds in a nanocoordination composite.     

Experimental investigations in combining primal dual interior point method and simplex based LP solvers

The use of a primal dual interior point method (PD) based optimizer as a robust linear programming (LP) solver is now well established. Instead of replacing the sparse simplex algorithm (SSX), the PD is increasingly seen as complementing it. The progress of PD iterations is not hindered by the degeneracy or stalling problem of SSX, indeed it reaches the near optimum solution very quickly. The SSX algorithm, in contrast, is not affected by the numeral instabilities which slow down the convergence of the PD near the optimal face. If the solution to the LP problem is non-unique, the PD algorithm converges to an interior point of the solution set while the SSX algorithm finds an extreme point solution. To take advantage of the attractive properties of both the PD and the SSX, we have designed a hybrid framework whereby crossover from PD to SSX can take place at any stage of the PD optimization run. The crossover to SSX involves the partition of the PD solution set to active and dormant variables. In this paper we examine the practical difficulties in partitioning the solution set, we discuss the reliability of predicting the solution set partition before optimality is reached and report the results of combining exact and inexact prediction with SSX basis recovery.     

Activation of heat shock protein 70 promoter with meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin photodynamic therapy reported by green fluorescent protein in vitro and in vivo

Cellular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) include induction of heat shock proteins (HSP). We examined meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) PDT-mediated HSP activation in EMT6 cells stably transfected with a plasmid containing the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by an hsp70 promoter. mTHPC incubation induced concentration-dependent GFP expression. Irradiation of cells exposed to a sensitizer concentration that induced a slight increase in GFP and no loss of cell viability resulted in fluence-dependent GFP accumulation. In response to drug only and to PDT, GFP levels increased to a maximum of four- to five-fold above control levels with increasing drug or fluence and then decreased at higher doses. A trypan blue-exclusion assay confirmed that decreased GFP levels in both cases were due to a loss of cell viability. For initial evaluation in vivo, HSP70/ GFP-transfected EMT6 tumors were grown in BALB/c mice and subjected to mTHPC-PDT with a fluence of 1 J/cm2. Six hours after PDT, GFP fluorescence was imaged in these tumors through the intact skin in vivo. These results indicate that sublethal doses of mTHPC-PDT stimulate GFP expression under the control of an hsp70 promoter and illustrate the potential of noninvasively monitoring reporter protein fluorescence as a measure of molecular response to PDT.     

Synthesis and Characterization of the first Copper(II) Complex of 6‐Azathymine. The Crystal Structure of [[CuCl2(H2O)2(AT)}2] · 2H2O; (AT = 6‐Azathymine)

The reaction of 3, 4‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐3‐thioxo‐1, 2, 4‐triazin‐5(2H)‐one (6‐aza‐2‐thiothymine, AAT, 1 ) with copper(I) chloride in presence of hydrochloric acid in methanol gives the complex [{CuCl₂(H₂O)₂(AT)}₂] · 2H₂O, 2 , AT = 6‐azathymine) in excellent yield. 2 was characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses as well as mass spectrometry. Also single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on compound 2 revealed that AT acts as a monodentate ligand in the centrosymmetric binuclear complex via its oxygen atom. Crystal data for 2 at —80 °C: space group P2₁/c with a = 550.1(1), b = 2712.5(1), c = 729.7(1) pm, β = 95.99(1)°, Z = 2, R₁ = 0.0213.     

[5‐Bromo‐N‐(2‐carboxylatophenyl)salicylideniminato]dimethyltin(IV)

The structure of the title di­methyl­tin(IV) complex, [2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐oxido­benzyl­idene­amino)­benzoato‐κ³O,N,O′]di­methyl­tin(IV), [Sn(CH₃)₂(C₁₄H₈BrNO₃)], features centrosymmetric dimers disposed about a central Sn₂O₂ core. Each Sn centre has seven‐coordinate pentagonal–bipyramidal geometry, taking into account two moderately long Sn—O contacts about an inversion centre [2.679 (4) and 2.981 (4) Å]. The methyl groups are in an axial orientation.