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91.
Ivanov PC Nunes Amaral LA Goldberger AL Havlin S Rosenblum MG Stanley HE Struzik ZR 《Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)》2001,11(3):641-652
We explore the degree to which concepts developed in statistical physics can be usefully applied to physiological signals. We illustrate the problems related to physiologic signal analysis with representative examples of human heartbeat dynamics under healthy and pathologic conditions. We first review recent progress based on two analysis methods, power spectrum and detrended fluctuation analysis, used to quantify long-range power-law correlations in noisy heartbeat fluctuations. The finding of power-law correlations indicates presence of scale-invariant, fractal structures in the human heartbeat. These fractal structures are represented by self-affine cascades of beat-to-beat fluctuations revealed by wavelet decomposition at different time scales. We then describe very recent work that quantifies multifractal features in these cascades, and the discovery that the multifractal structure of healthy dynamics is lost with congestive heart failure. The analytic tools we discuss may be used on a wide range of physiologic signals. (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics. 相似文献
92.
93.
B. Podobnik D. F. Fu H. E. Stanley P. Ch. Ivanov 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2007,56(1):47-52
We develop a stochastic process with two coupled variables where
the absolute values of each variable exhibit long-range power-law
autocorrelations and are also long-range cross-correlated. We investigate how
the scaling exponents characterizing power-law autocorrelation and long-range
cross-correlation behavior in the absolute values of the generated variables
depend on the two parameters in our model. In particular, if the
autocorrelation is stronger, the cross-correlation is also stronger. We test
the utility of our approach by comparing the autocorrelation and
cross-correlation properties of the time series generated by our model with
data on daily returns over ten years for two major financial indices, the
Dow Jones and the S&P500, and on daily returns of two well-known
company stocks, IBM and Microsoft, over five years. 相似文献
94.
S. V. Buldyrev F. Pammolli M. Riccaboni K. Yamasaki D.-F. Fu K. Matia H. E. Stanley 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2007,57(2):131-138
We present a preferential attachment growth model to obtain the
distribution P(K) of number of units K in the classes which may
represent business firms or other socio-economic entities. We found
that P(K) is described in its central part by a power law with an
exponent ϕ = 2+b/(1-b) which depends on the probability of entry of new
classes, b. In a particular problem of city
population this distribution is equivalent to the well known Zipf
law. In the absence of the new classes entry, the
distribution P(K) is exponential.
Using analytical form of P(K) and assuming proportional growth
for units, we derive P(g), the distribution of business firm
growth rates. The model predicts that P(g) has a Laplacian cusp
in the central part and asymptotic power-law tails with an exponent
ζ = 3. We test the analytical expressions derived using
heuristic arguments by simulations. The model might also explain the
size-variance relationship of the firm growth rates. 相似文献
95.
Carolyn Ferguson Steven L Hardy David F Werner Stanley M Hileman Timothy M DeLorey Gregg E Homanics 《BMC neuroscience》2007,8(1):85
Background
The β3 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA-R) has been reported to be important for palate formation, anesthetic action, and normal nervous system function. This subunit has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of Angelman syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. To further investigate involvement of this subunit, we previously produced mice with a global knockout of β3. However, developmental abnormalities, compensation, reduced viability, and numerous behavioral abnormalities limited the usefulness of that murine model. To overcome many of these limitations, a mouse line with a conditionally inactivated β3 gene was engineered. 相似文献96.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction from sparsely sampled data has been a difficult problem in medical imaging field. We approach this problem by formulating a cost functional that includes a constraint term that is imposed by the raw measurement data in k-space and the L1 norm of a sparse representation of the reconstructed image. The sparse representation is usually realized by total variational regularization and/or wavelet transform. We have applied the Bregman iteration to minimize this functional to recover finer scales in our recent work. Here we propose nonlinear inverse scale space methods in addition to the iterative refinement procedure. Numerical results from the two methods are presented and it shows that the nonlinear inverse scale space method is a more efficient algorithm than the iterated refinement method. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
97.
Arnaboldi C Benedek G Brofferio C Capelli S Capozzi F Cremonesi O Filipponi A Fiorini E Giuliani A Monfardini A Nucciotti A Pavan M Pedretti M Pessina G Pirro S Previtali E Sisti M 《Physical review letters》2006,96(4):042503
The mixed occurrence of s-wave and p-wave contributions in a first forbidden unique Gamow-Teller beta decay has been investigated for the first time by measuring the beta environmental fine structure (BEFS) in a 187Re crystalline compound. The experiment has been carried out with an array of eight AgReO4 thermal detectors operating at a temperature of approximately 100 mK. A fit of the observed BEFS spectrum indicates the p-wave electron emission as the dominant channel. The complete understanding of the BEFS distortion of the 187Re beta decay spectrum is crucial for future experiments aiming at the precise calorimetric measurement of the antineutrino mass. 相似文献
98.
The installation of a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system (NMR or MRI) in a clinical environment requires detailed planning to insure adequate safety and optimal system performance. The important considerations of site planning are discussed in this paper and solutions suggested by various system manufacturers are detailed. In addition, experimental results illustrating the effects of improper site planning are also presented. 相似文献
99.
M. Bazzi G. Beer L. Bombelli A. M. Bragadireanu M. Cargnelli M. Catitti C. Curceanu C. Fiorini T. Frizzi F. Ghio B. Girolami C. Guaraldo M. Iliescu T. Ishiwatari P. Kienle P. Lechner J. Marton K. Nikolics P. Levi Sandri A. Longoni V. Lucherini D. Pietreanu T. Ponta D. L. Sirghi F. Sirghi H. Soltau L. Strüder O. Vazquez Doce E. Widmann J. Zmeskal 《Few-Body Systems》2008,44(1-4):79-82
The DEAR experiment performed at the DAΦNE electron-positron collider (Frascati, Italy) studied the strong interaction shift and width of the 1s state in kaonic hydrogen using X-ray spectroscopy. The repulsive character of the kaon-proton interaction at threshold was confirmed and the most precise values of the shift and width were obtained. However, high precision data at the percent level are highly requested to further develop the theories and thus our understanding of the low-energy antikaon-nucleon interaction. Therefore, a new series of precision experiments on kaonic hydrogen and kaonic deuterium are planned at LNF. 相似文献
100.
Saher Helmy A Hutchings DC Kleckner TC Marsh JH Bryce AC Arnold JM Stanley CR Aitchison JS Brown CT Moutzouris K Ebrahimzadeh M 《Optics letters》2000,25(18):1370-1372
We report the observation of second-harmonic generation by type I quasi phase matching in a GaAs-AlAs superlattice waveguide. Quasi phase matching was achieved through modulation of the nonlinear coefficient chi((2))(zxy), which we realized by periodically tuning the superlattice bandgap. Second-harmonic generation was demonstrated for fundamental wavelengths from 1480 to 1520 nm, from the third-order gratings with periods from 10.5 to 12.4microm . The second-harmonic signal spectra demonstrated narrowing owing to the finite bandwidth of the quasi-phase-matching grating. An average power of ~110 nW was obtained for the second harmonic by use of an average launched pump power of ?2.3mW . 相似文献