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41.
42.
Dirk Lützenkirchen‐Hecht Kay Rohrmann Thomas Stöcker Wolfgang Thiel 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2007,39(11):845-851
Different ink‐jet printed paper materials were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yielding the elemental composition of the near‐surface region of the papers. We found significant differences with respect to the detected elements and their atomic concentrations in the different inks studied here. Two different groups of inks could be identified by means of a lower ratio of the O and C atomic concentrations and lower concentrations in specific trace elements like Mg, Na and Si. High‐resolution spectra of C 1s and O 1s core levels allowed a detailed determination of the chemical state of the respective elements. On the basis of a detailed deconvolution of these XPS signals, significant differences between all the investigated ink‐jet printed papers were found, thereby allowing their discrimination. The applicability of the measurements and, more generally, the XPS technique for forensic investigations of paper are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
Surface composition of spray-dried milk protein-stabilised emulsions in relation to pre-heat treatment of proteins 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Millqvist-Fureby A Elofsson U Bergenståhl B 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2001,21(1-3):47-58
Several important technical properties of spray-dried food powders depend on particle-liquid interactions (e.g. wettability, dispersability) and particle-particle interactions (e.g. flowability). It can be assumed that the chemical composition of the surface layer of the particles to a large extent determine these properties. The present study has been aimed to investigate the relation between the surface composition of spray-dried milk protein-stabilised emulsions and pre-heat treatment of the proteins. Solutions of WPC were heat-treated at low (60-90 degrees C) and high (140 degrees C) temperature and the degree of denaturation was determined, prior to the preparation of emulsions with rapeseed oil. The surface composition of the dry powders were established by using ESCA (electron spectroscopy of chemical analysis). The emulsions were characterised by droplet size distribution before spray drying and after dissolution of the powders. Also free fat extractions and estimations of wettability (dissolution rates) were performed. The powder surface coverage of protein decreased with increasing degree of protein denaturation before the emulsification, whereas the emulsion droplet size increased both before spray drying and after reconstitution of powders. The free fat extraction as well as the dissolution rate, whereof the latter decreased with increasing surface fat coverage, correlated well with the fat coverage of the powder surface. 相似文献
44.
Analysis of K-shell excitation spectra of gas-phase molecules containing at least two atoms of either B, C. N. O or F reveals the existence of a striking correlation between the bond length of the atomic pair. the sum of their atomic numbers and the associated α-shape resonance energy. Empirical rules are established which allow the derivation of intramolecular distances with accuracies reliably better than ± 0.05 A from the K-.shell absorption spectrum of one of the atoms in the Molecule. 相似文献
45.
M. Lindinger St. Becker G. Bollen K. Dasgupta R. Jertz H. -J. Kluge L. Schweikhard M. Vogel K. Lützenkischen 《Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters》1991,20(1):441-443
Doublet mass measurements of the isobars28Si3 and12C7 are performed by use of a Penning trap mass spectrometer and the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). The carbon and silicon cluster ions are produced by laser ablation. Results of these preliminary measurements are presented. 相似文献
46.
Thomas P J Linsinger Alexander Bernreuther Philippe Corbisier Marta Dabrio Håkan Emteborg Andrea Held Andrée Lamberty Gaida Lapitajs Marina Ricci Gert Roebben Stefanie Trapmann Franz Ulberth Hendrik Emons 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(3-4):167-174
The potential approaches for third-party assessment of reference material producers are revisited and the activities of the
Reference Materials (RM) Unit of the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) to obtain accreditation to
ISO Guide 34 and ISO 17025 are described. Accreditation was related to the Unit as all matrix RM activities of the institute
are concentrated there. A management system was established that allows sufficient flexibility to be applicable to a wide
range of RMs while being precise enough to ensure compliance with ISO Guides 30, 31 and especially 34 and 35. Accreditation
was achieved in 2004 with independent scopes for testing and RM production and was confirmed and extended in 2005. The key
aspects of the RM Unit's management system for RM production are presented.
Presented at BERM-10, April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA 相似文献
47.
P.-A. Eriksson A.-C. Albertsson K. Eriksson J.-A.E. Månson 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1998,53(1):19-26
The thermal stability of heat-stabilised polyamide 66 in an oxidative environment is evaluated by DSC. The oxidative stability
of the polyamide decreases as a result of repeated injection moulding. The results also indicate that the presence of glass
fibres in the polyamide has a negative influence on the oxidative stability. Both isothermal and dynamic DSC measurements
seem to be useful tools for assessing the stability of polyamides and there is a relationship between data determined using
both procedures.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
48.
Zusammenfassung Umsetzung von 5,6-Dimethoxy- und [4,5,6-Trimethoxy-benzo[b]thienyl-(3)]-essigsäure mit PCl5 lieferte die methoxysubstituierten [Benzo[b]thienyl-(3)]-essigsäurechloride, die mit sekundären Aminen zu den entsprechenden Amiden reagierten.Die homologen Verbindungen mit einer C3-Brücke wurden durchArndt-Eistert-Reaktion des Diazomethylketons in Gegenwart der entsprechenden sekundären Amine erhalten.
Reaction of 5.6-dimethoxy- and [4.5.6-trimethoxybenzo[b]-thienyl-(3)]-acetic acid with PCl5 gave the methoxy-substituted [benzo[b]thienyl-(3)]-acetic acid chlorides, which reacted with secondary amines to the corresponding amides.The homologous compounds with a C3-bridge were synthesized viaArndt-Eistert reaction of the diazomethyl ketone in presence of the corresponding secondary amines.相似文献
49.
A simple analytical model is developed and solved to describe time evolution of the loop voltage and toroidal current when RF and inductive current drive take place simultaneously. A relation for the real value of the RF driven current has been obtained under these conditions. Comparison with experimental data from T-7 tokamak allows to estimate the role of the skin effect during RF current drive.The authors would like to thank A. Ya. Kislov for the basic data on the T-7 tokamak transformer. They are also indebted to V. V. Parail and G.V. Pereverzev for many clarifying discussions. 相似文献
50.
Stéphane Roux 《Journal of statistical physics》1987,48(1-2):201-213
We introduce a family of stochastic processes which are a natural extension of Brownian motion to a tensor form. This allows us to solve a Dirichlet problem of linear elasticity obeying Lamé's equation, [1–(d– 1)]2V(x)+ [·V(x)]=0. 相似文献