基于休眠机理的三维小基站蜂窝网络能效优化

小基站通常部署在写字楼、商贸区等城市密集区域以弥补传统宏基站在覆盖和传输方面的不足.小基站的分布一般是根据高峰时的网络负荷设计的,这必然导致网络负荷较低时的资源浪费.讨论了在平均接入率和信道容量双重约束下基于休眠机理的三维小基站蜂窝网络的能效优化问题.借助泊松点过程理论推导了三维小基站网络下行信道容量和平均接入率的数学表达式.通过分析下行信道容量和平均接入率的单调性得出同时满足传输信道容量和接入率要求的最佳休眠概率.分析了小基站最大用户连接数的最佳值,通过对该参数的合理配置,可以在满足通信指标的前提下最大程度地降低网络能耗.仿真结果表明,设计的基站休眠机理可以使小基站网络的能耗下降约21%.     

A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems with a rough interface

We report on an exact vector (polarized) radiative transfer (VRT) model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. This VRT model is based on the successive order of scattering (SOS) method, which virtually takes all the multiple scattering processes into account, including atmospheric scattering, oceanic scattering, reflection and transmission through the rough ocean surface. The isotropic Cox–Munk wave model is used to derive the ref and transmission matrices for the rough ocean surface. Shadowing effects are included by the shadowing function. We validated the SOS results by comparing them with those calculated by two independent codes based on the doubling/adding and Monte Carlo methods. Two error analyses related to the ocean color remote sensing are performed in the coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. One is the scalar error caused by ignoring the polarization in the whole system. The other is the error introduced by ignoring the polarization of the light transmitted through the ocean interface. Both errors are significant for the cases studied. This code fits for the next generation of ocean color study because it converges fast for absorbing medium as, for instance, ocean.     

The impact of ice particle roughness on the scattering phase matrix

The goal of this study is to explore the influence of ice particle habit (or shape) and surface roughness on the scattering phase matrix. As an example, reported here are the results for two wavelengths: 0.67 and 1.61 μm. For this effort, a database of single-scattering properties has been computed for a set of habits including hexagonal plates, hollow and solid columns, hollow and solid 3D bullet rosettes, droxtals, aggregates of solid columns, and aggregates of plates. The database provides properties for each of the habits at 101 wavelengths between 0.45 and 2.24 μm for smooth, moderately roughened, and severely roughened particles. At each wavelength, the scattering properties are provided at 233 discrete particle diameters ranging from 2 to 10,000 μm. A single particle size distribution from a very cold ice cloud sampled during the CRYSTAL-FACE field campaign (T_cld=–76 °C) is used to illustrate the influence of habit and roughness on the phase matrix. In all, four different habit mixtures are evaluated. The nonzero elements of the phase matrix are shown to be quite sensitive to the assumed habit, particularly in the case of ?P₁₂/P₁₁ that is associated with the degree of linear polarization of scattered radiation. Surface roughness is shown to smooth out maxima in the scattering phase function and in the other elements of the phase matrix, consistent with other studies. To compare with the theoretical simulations of the phase matrix for smooth and roughened particles, a full year of cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP) data from 2008 is analyzed to provide global statistics on the values of P₁₁ and P₂₂/P₁₁ in the backscattering direction. In a comparison of two of the habit mixtures (one used for MODIS Collection 5 and another that incorporates new habits including hollow bullet rosettes and aggregates of plates) with the CALIOP data, the values for P₁₁ are higher regardless of the degree of particle surface roughness, and the values for P₂₂/P₁₁ are lower than those for CALIOP. Further investigation is warranted to better understand this discrepancy.     

Broadband 1.5-μm emission of high erbium-doped Bi2O3–B2O3–Ga2O3 glasses

High Erbium-doped glass showing the wider 1.5-μm emission band is reported in the Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–Ga₂O₃ system and its thermal stability and optical properties such as absorption, emission spectra, absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections and fluorescence lifetime are investigated. Compared with other glass hosts, the gain bandwidth properties of high Er³⁺ content in BBG glass are better than those of tellurite, germanate, silicate and phosphate glasses. The broad and flat ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 emission and the larger stimulated emission cross-section of Er³⁺ ions around 1.5 μm enable it to be used as a host material for potential broadband optical amplifiers at C and L bands in the microchip configuration.     

Local electronic structures in electron-doped cuprates with coexisting orders

Motivated by the observation of a so-called non-monotonic gap in recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement, we study the local electronic structure near impurities in electron-doped cuprates by considering the influence of antiferromagnetic (AF) spin-density-wave (SDW) order. We find that the evolution of density of states (DOS) with AF SDW order clearly indicates the non-monotonic d-wave gap behavior. More interestingly, the local DOS for spin-up is much different from that for spin-down with increasing AF SDW order. As a result, the impurity induced resonance state near the Fermi energy exhibits a spin-polarized feature. These features can be detected by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.     

处于部分进汽时动叶片排内非定常流动现象的数值研究

本文在简要回顾了迄今为止对于工作在部分进汽状态下叶片特性的实验和理论研究结果之后,采用作者发展的多通道三维叶片非定常计算程序,对处于部分进汽时动叶片排内的三维流动进行了数值模拟,并对计算结果进行了分析。     

不同部分进汽度及不同堵塞方式情况下的动叶片性能

本文对不同部分进汽度及不同堵塞方式情况下的调节级动叶片效率、流量和叶片升力等总体性能作了分析和总结,这些结果将对调节级动叶片的设计提供极为宝贵的参考。     

Fe valence state at the surface of the Fe0.5Cu0.5Cr2S4 spinel

Here we present X‐ray absorption measurements of a vacuum cleaved Fe_0.5Cu_0.5Cr₂S₄ single crystal. Measurements at different positions on the cleaved sample surface clearly reveal a difference between the valence state of the Fe ions in the sur‐ face layers and the valency of the Fe ions present in the bulk. These results confirm the findings of recent measurements outlined previously. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Mobile Rayleigh Doppler wind lidar based on double-edge technique

<正>We describe a mobile molecular Doppler wind lidar(DWL) based on double-edge technique for wind measurement of altitudes ranging from 10 to 40 km.A triple Fabry-Perot etalon is employed as a frequency discriminator to determine the Doppler shift proportional to the wind velocity.The lidar operates at 355 nm with a 45-cm-aperture telescope and a matching azimuth-over-elevation scanner that provides full hemispherical pointing.To guarantee wind accuracy,a single servo loop is used to monitor the outgoing laser frequency to remove inaccuracies due to the frequency drift of the laser or the etalon.The standard deviation of the outgoing laser frequency drift is 6.18 MHz and the corresponding velocity error is 1.11 m/s.The wind profiles measured by the DWL are in good agreement with the results of the wind profile radar(WPR).Evaluation is achieved by comparing at altitudes from 2 to 8 km.The relative error of horizontal wind speed is from 0.8 to 1.8 m/s in the compared ranges.The wind accuracy is less than 6 m/s at 40 km and 3 m/s at 10 km.     

Plasmonic waveguiding in a hexagonally ordered metal wire array

We propose the inclusion of a structured pattern of nanoscale metal wires in a silica fiber to form a symmetric plasmonic waveguide. The surface plasmon polariton modes within the waveguide are studied by varying the wire diameter and spacing. Simulation results show that hybridization of the single-wire mode and the gap plasmon mode can yield a hybrid mode with optimum propagation lengths comparable to those reported for other structures but with better light confinement. The fiber can be easily doped with a gain material to offset the loss so that the resultant waveguide will be useful for integration with electronic circuits at nanometer dimensions.