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31.
In this paper we address the problem of the implementation of boundary conditions for the derived pressure Poisson equation of incompressible flow. It is shown that the direct Galerkin finite element formulation of the pressure Poisson equation automatically satisfies the inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, thus avoiding the difficulty in specifying boundary conditions for pressure. This ensures that only physically meaningful pressure boundary conditions consistent with the Navier-Stokes equations are imposed. Since second derivatives appear in this formulation, the conforming finite element method requires C1 continuity. However, for many problems of practical interest (i.e. high Reynolds numbers) the second derivatives need not be included, thus allowing the use of more conventional C0 elements. Numerical results using this approach for a wall-driven contained flow within a square cavity verify the validity of the approach. Although the results were obtained for a two-dimensional problem using the p-version of the finite element method, the approach presented here is general and remains valid for the conventional h-version as well as three-dimensional problems. 相似文献
32.
N-Higgs-doublet models (NHDM) introduce new sources of CP-violation in an extension of the standard model in the Higgs sector.
The NHDMs must satisfy some conditions including the positivity constraint. While the study of positivity in NHDMs is not
easy, we present a simple method to study positivity in the case of N doublets by making use of hyperspherical coordinates. This constraint is of great importance as it imposes limits on the
coupling constants and thereby on the masses predicted within the model when combined with other constraints such as the positivity
of the mass matrix elements. 相似文献
33.
We give a generalization of Eagon-Reiner’s theorem relating Betti numbers of the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a simplicial complex and the CMt property of its Alexander dual. Then we characterize bi-CMt bipartite graphs and bi-CMt chordal graphs. These are generalizations of recent results due to Herzog and Rahimi. 相似文献
34.
Irregularities are widespread in large databases and often lead to erroneous conclusions with respect to data mining and statistical
analysis. For example, considerable bias is often resulted from many parameter estimation procedures without properly handling
significant irregularities. Most data cleaning tools assume one known type of irregularity. This paper proposes a generic
Irregularity Enlightenment (IE) framework for dealing with the situation when multiple irregularities are hidden in large
volumes of data in general and cross sectional time series in particular. It develops an automatic data mining platform to
capture key irregularities and classify them based on their importance in a database. By decomposing time series data into
basic components, we propose to optimize a penalized least square loss function to aid the selection of key irregularities
in consecutive steps and cluster time series into different groups until an acceptable level of variation reduction is achieved.
Finally visualization tools are developed to help analysts interpret and understand the nature of data better and faster before
further data modeling and analysis. 相似文献
35.
Amir Babaei S. Reza Ghaffarian M. Mehdi Khorasani Siamak Baseghi 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(3):481-495
High-density polyethylene/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared via melt intercalation in an internal mixer using both a direct mixing and master batching method. Two types of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, high-density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, and linear low-density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, (HDPE-g-MA, LLDPE-g-MA) were used as compatibilizers to enhance the dispersibility of nanoclay in HDPE. Dispersion of organoclay in the nanocomposites was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and rheological mechanical spectroscopy (RMS). Effects of clay content and degree of clay dispersion on the rheological and tensile properties were also investigated. Furthermore, the effect of order of mixing on the dispersion and distribution of the clay layers was studied. The obtained results showed that organoclay in the nanocomposites were dispersed homogeneously and exfoliated better when HDPE-g-MA and the direct mixing route were used. Although in the master batching method clay intercalated better, clay layers chiefly remain in compatibilizer rich areas. On the other hand, direct mixing was observed to lead to clay particles being dispersed in the HDPE matrix or at the interface of the matrix and compatibilizer and, consequently, better improvement in the tensile modulus was achieved. It was determined that the compatibilizer with the higher miscibility with the matrix was the key factor for achieving better exfoliation of clay sheets. 相似文献
36.
37.
Let G be a finite simple graph on a vertex set V(G) = {x 11,…, x n1}. Also let m 1,…, m n ≥ 2 be integers and G 1,…, G n be connected simple graphs on the vertex sets V(G i ) = {x i1,…, x im i }. In this article, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions on G 1,…, G n for which the graph obtained by attaching the G i to G is unmixed or vertex decomposable. Then we characterize Cohen–Macaulay and sequentially Cohen–Macaulay graphs obtained by attaching the cycle graphs or connected chordal graphs to arbitrary graphs. 相似文献
38.
Experimental investigations of the functional morphology of dragonfly wings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Nowadays, the importance of identifying the flight mechanisms of the dragonfly, as an inspiration for designing flapping wing vehicles, is well known. An experimental approach to understanding the complexities of insect wings as organs of flight could provide significant outcomes for design purposes. In this paper, a comprehensive investigation is carried out on the morphological and microstructural features of dragonfly wings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile testing are used to experimentally verify the functional roles of different parts of the wings. A number of SEM images of the elements of the wings, such as the nodus, leading edge, trailing edge, and vein sections, which play dominant roles in strengthening the whole structure, are presented. The results from the tensile tests indicate that the nodus might be the critical region of the wing that is subjected to high tensile stresses. Considering the patterns of the longitudinal corrugations of the wings obtained in this paper, it can be supposed that they increase the load-bearing capacity, giving the wings an ability to tolerate dynamic loading conditions. In addition, it is suggested that the longitudinal veins, along with the leading and trailing edges, are structural mechanisms that further improve fatigue resistance by providing higher fracture toughness, preventing crack propagation, and allowing the wings to sustain a significant amount of damage without loss of strength. 相似文献
39.
In the presence of spin and pseudospin (p-spin) symmetries, the approximate analytical bound states of the Dirac equation for scalar-vector-tensor Hulth6n potentials are obtained with any arbitrary spin-orbit coupling number using the Pekeris approximation. The Hulth6n tensor interaction is studied instead of the commonly used Coulomb or linear terms. The generalized parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method is used to obtain energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions in their closed forms. It is shown that tensor interaction removes degeneracy between spin and p-spin doublets. Some numerical results are also given. 相似文献
40.
We solve the modified Dirac equation by adding a harmonic oscillator potential and implementing the Nikiforov–Uvarov technique. The closed forms of solutions are reported in a quite simple and systematic manner. 相似文献