Template synthesis in the nickel(II)–thiocarbohydrazide–propanone triple system

The complexing process proceeding in the Ni^II–thiocarbohydrazide (H₂N–H–NC(=S)–NH–NH₂)–propanone triple system in EtOH solution and nickel(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix has been studied. It has been found that in the first case, template synthesis leading, as a minimum, to formation of three coordination compounds of Ni^II with (N,N,S,S)-donor tetradentate ligands having NiL¹, NiL² and NiL³compositions where L¹ is 4,6,6-trimethyl-2,3,7,8-tetraazanonen-3-di(thiohydrazide)-1,9, L² is 4,6,6,12-tetrametyl-1,9-dithio-2,3,7,8,10,11-hexaazatridekadien-3,11-hydrazide-1 and L³ is 2,8,10,10,16-pentamethyl-5,13-dithio-3,4,6,7,11,12,14,15-octaazaheptadekatrien-2,7,15 is observed, whereas in the gelatin-immobilized matrix, a complexing process in the system considered does not occur.     

Experimental and computational studies of intracomplex reactions in Mg+(primary, secondary alkylamine) complexes induced by photoexcitation of Mg+

We report herein a comprehensive study of photoinduced reactions in complexes of Mg+ with primary (n-propyl- and isopropylamine) and secondary amines (dipropyl- and diisopropylamine) in the spectral range of 230-440 nm. Similar to the methyl- and ethylamine complexes studied previously, N-H bond activation of these complexes is very unfavorable. Instead, the C(alpha)-C, C-N, and C(alpha)-H bond-cleavage photoproducts are observed after photoexcitation of the Mg+ complexes (3(2)P<--3(2)S). For Mg+(primary amine) complexes, for example, Mg+-NH2CH2CH2CH3, and Mg+-NH2CH(CH3)2, the photoproducts resulting from C(alpha)--C rupture prevail after P(z) and charge-transfer excitations, whereas the Mg+ photofragment is predominant upon P(x,y) excitation. However, with further N-alkyl substitution, as in Mg+(secondary amine) complexes, for example, Mg+-NH(CH2CH2CH3)2 and Mg+-NH[CH(CH3)2]2, a novel intracomplex C-C coupling photoreaction dominates on P(x,y) excitation of Mg+, which is believed to arise from Mg+* insertion into the C-N bond. With P(z) and charge-transfer excitation, the Mg-R elimination photoproducts, arising from C(alpha)-C bond cleavage, predominate. The energetics and possible mechanisms of the intracomplex photoreactions are analyzed in detail with the help of extensive quantum mechanics calculations.     

Chemische Vitamin D<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Bestimmung in Lebertran

The different aspects of Vitamin D₃ determination and the data reported in the literature are discussed. The spectrophotometric determination of Vitamin D₃ in cod-liver oil is carried out after the alkaline saponification, extraction of unsaponified parts, precipitation of accompanying sterols and the column- and thin-layer chromatographic purification and separation of vitamin D₃ on 40 cm plates from other vitamins. The dyestuff α-naphtholbenzein is suited well as standard substance for the better location and identification of vitamin D₃ zone on the thin-layer plate. The results obtained from the chemical method were checked through the simultaneous biological determination.     

Analysis of bufadienolides in the Chinese drug ChanSu by high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

The qualitative analysis of bufadienolides in the Chinese drug ChanSu was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS). Bufadienolides are the major bioactive constituents of ChanSu, which is used to treat heart failure and cancer in traditional Chinese medicine. The APCI-MS fragmentation behavior of bufadienolides was studied. For bufadienolides with only hydroxyl substituents, the fragmentation was characterized by successive eliminations of H(2)O and CO molecules, and the profile of MS/MS product ions was correlated with the number of hydroxyl groups. If a C-16 acetoxyl group was present, the fragmentation of [M+H](+) ions was triggered by initial loss of 60 Da (HOAc). The elimination of CO was significant for bufadienolides with a 19-formyl group, and the 19-hydroxyl group could be characterized by the loss of 30 Da (HCHO). These fragmentation rules were applied to the identification of bufadienolides in a methanolic extract of ChanSu, which was separated on a C(18) column with gradient elution. A total of 35 bufadienolides were identified, including four new constituents. The method established here facilitated the convenient and rapid quality control of ChanSu crude drug and its pharmaceutical preparations.     

Dual analyte flow injection fluorescence immunoassays using thiophilic gel reactors and synchronous scanning detection

Heterogeneous fluorescence immunoassays have been automated using flow injection manifolds incorporating thiophilic gel solid phase reactors to separate antibody-bound and unbound analyte molecules. Antibody elution is achieved by changes in ionic strength, thus allowing the use of pH sensitive fluorescent labels. This facilitates the development of dual analyte systems, in which two competitive immunoassays with separate labels are monitored in parallel. Detection of the fluorophores by high speed synchronous fluorescence scanning while the flow is briefly stopped utilises either one synchronous interval which detects both fluorophores, or two separate scans at different wavelength intervals, one for each fluorophore. Simultaneous analyses of serum albumin and transferrin exemplify these novel approaches. Spectroscopic interferences are very small, analyte recoveries are close to 100%, with a relative standard deviation of 5-6% and a sampling rate of 20 h-1.     

Observation of isomeric states in197Bi

The high spin states of¹¹⁹Te, populated in¹¹⁰Pd(¹³C,4n) and¹¹⁰Pd(¹²C,3n) reactions, have been studied through -ray spectroscopy. The level scheme has been established upto a spin of 55/2. Three-quasiparticle states, based on g² _7/2h_11/2 and g_7/2d_5/2h_11/2 configurations, have been identified. The 35/2 and 39/2 states are suggested to be the fully aligned states constituted by five valence h_11/2 ³, g_7/2, d_5/2 quasiparticles.     

Theoretical study of thermal diffusivity of superlattices in measurements using “mirage” technique

A complete theoretical treatment for the determination of thermal diffusivity of superlattices by the mirage technique has been performed. An effective medium approximation model of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of both sublayers is presented, which is different from the simple models with the thermal diffusivity or thermal conductivity in series or parallel. The numerical calculation of the transverse component of the probe beam deflection in the mirage effect shows that the results obtained from the complete thermal-wave theory and the medium approximation model, for the optically and thermally thick superlattices, are in good agreement with each other. However, the further study on the thermally thin superlattices shows that either the series or the parallel model of the thermal conductivity should be chosen according to whether the thermal impedance of the superlattice is larger or less than that of substrate, respectively.     

Optical spectra of an intracavity two-photon medium with sequeezed inputs

We consider an ensemble of three-level configuration atoms in an optical cavity, interacting through two-photon transitions with a cavity mode, driven by a broad-band squeezed input of finite amplitude. The atom-cavity system is coupled to reservoirs to describe the losses of the atoms and the cavity. Optical spectra in the transmitted and the reflected field are calculated and analysed in the good cavity limit, for the purely absorptive resonant case and the general case, respectively.     

TheΛ b →Λ c decay form factors

The recently measured cross-sections for diffractive dissociation of nuclei in high-energy proton nucleus (pA) collisions show a strikingA ^1/3 dependence on the target massA. Such a dependence emerges from an optical model which incorporates a simple mechanism to produce the absorption fluctuations required for inelastic diffraction. The observed momentum transfer (t) dependence of the differential cross-section, dσ/dt∝ exp(?B|t|), is described in terms of a correlation length \(R_F = \sqrt {2B} \) of the absorption fluctuations which turns out to be of the size of a nucleon. The excitation massM dependence, dσ/dM ²∝M ^?2, is explained by a bremsstrahlung mechanism.