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71.
72.
Shin-ichiro Hayashi Munenori Yoshioka Shuji Usui Kiyofumi Haneda Takahiro Kondo Kim B. McAuley Takahiro Tominaga 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》2010,79(7):803-808
In radiotherapy treatment, polymer gel dosimetry can be used for verifying three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions. Gelatin is generally used as a gelling agent in the dosimeters. In this paper, another role of gelatin in a methacrylic-acid-based gel dosimeter (MAGAT) is investigated. Temperature increases due to exothermic polymerization in the irradiated gel are measured directly. Dose–R2 responses are also obtained using MRI. It is shown that no appreciable increases in either temperature or R2 are observed in MAGAT dosimeters made without gelatin, and that significant temperature and R2 increases are observed when very low gelatin concentrations are used. These results indicate that gelatin is an important enabler for radiation-induced free-radical polymerization in methacrylic-acid-based gels. When gelatin is replaced by amino acids, changes in temperature are observed, along with small changes in R2. The resulting dosimeter solutions remain transparent because the polymer does not precipitate as it does in regular MAGAT dosimeters containing gelatin. When the amino acids are replaced by acids without amino groups, no temperature or R2 changes are observed, indicating that no polymer forms. These results show that amino groups (and possibly other functional groups) on the gelatin catalyze the radiation-induced free-radical polymerization that occurs in MAGAT dosimeters. 相似文献
73.
Hironori Ohashi Hiroyuki Ezoe Yoshihiro Okaue Yasuhiro Kobayashi Shuji Matsuo Tsutomu Kurisaki Akane Miyazaki Hisanobu Wakita Takushi Yokoyama 《Analytical sciences》2005,21(7):789-793
The effect of UV (ultraviolet) irradiation on the adsorption of Au(III) ions on manganese dioxide and their reduction to Au(0) (gold with 0 valence state) was investigated using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and 197Au M?ssbauer spectroscopy. The UV irradiation accelerated the adsorption and the reduction. From the fact that the proportion of Au(0) estimated from Au 4f XPS spectra for surface analysis was significantly smaller than that from 197Au M?ssbauer spectra for bulk analysis, we deduced that Au(0) was interpenetrated to the inside of manganese dioxide (into deeper places than about 30 A) where XPS is impossible to detect. The content of surface hydroxyl groups on manganese dioxide also increased due to the UV irradiation. The relationship between the charge in the content of hydroxyl groups and the interpenetration of Au(0) is discussed. 相似文献
74.
75.
Abe T Matsumoto M Hashimoto S 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2007,122(5):2697-2705
A time-domain epsilon-filter (TD epsilon-filter) is a nonlinear filter that can reduce noise while preserving a signal that varies drastically, such as a speech signal. Although the filter design is simple, it can effectively reduce noise. It is applicable not only to stationary noise but also to nonstationary noise. It cannot, however, be applied when the amplitude of noise is relatively large. This paper introduces an advanced method for noise reduction that applies an epsilon-filter to complex spectra, namely a time-frequency epsilon-filter (TF epsilon-filter). This paper also introduces noise reduction combining a TD epsilon-filter and a TF epsilon-filter. An advanced method called a variable time-frequency epsilon-filter is also proposed. First, the algorithm of the TD epsilon-filter is explained to clarify the problem. Then, the algorithms of the proposed methods are explained. By utilizing an epsilon-filter in the frequency domain, the proposed method can reduce not only noise that has a relatively small amplitude but also noise that has a relatively large amplitude. Experimental results are also given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods in comparison to the results of some conventional methods. 相似文献
76.
Kakuta H Hirahara T Matsuda I Nagao T Hasegawa S Ueno N Sakamoto K 《Physical review letters》2007,98(24):247601
We report the energy dispersions of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO)-derived bands of a pentacene (Pn) thin film, whose in-plane structure resembles closely that of the ab plane of a low-density bulk Pn phase. Our present photoemission result indicates that the overlap of the pi-orbitals of adjacent Pn molecules is larger than what was expected from theoretical calculations. Further, of the two HOMO-derived bands, the large dispersion width of the band with higher binding energy suggests that this one mainly contributes to the bandlike charge transport in a Pn crystal. 相似文献
77.
Tomoko Kemmei Shuji Kodama Atsushi Yamamoto Yoshinori Inoue Kazuichi Hayakawa 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
We describe a simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of organic acids using on-line complexation with copper(II) ion. Organic acids complexed with copper(II) ion were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column and detected by UV absorption at 240 nm. The copper(II) ion concentration in the mobile phase had a great influence on separation and sensitivity. A mobile phase consisting of 10 mM copper(II) sulfate in 5 mM sulfuric acid (pH 2.3) was used to separate nine organic acids (tartaric, malic, malonic, lactic, acetic, citric, maleic, succinic and fumaric acids). The detection limits of the examined organic acids calculated at S/N = 3 ranged from 0.6 to 100 μM. The detector signal was linear over three orders of magnitude of organic acid concentration. The method successfully measured organic acids in juice and vinegar samples. 相似文献
78.
79.
Shuji Yasuike Motokazu NishiokaNaoki Kakusawa Jyoji Kurita 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(48):6403-6406
Novel and simple copper-catalyzed C(aryl)-S bond formation of diaryl disulfides with bismuth reagents is described. Reactions of diaryl disulfides with triarylbismuthanes in the presence of CuOAc (10 mol %) and 1,10-phenanthroline (10 mol %) under aerobic conditions led to the formation of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in satisfactory yields. The reaction is atom-economic and all three aryl groups of the triarylbismuthanes and both sulfanyl groups of the diaryl disulfides could be transferred to the coupling products. 相似文献
80.
Ikeda S Kubota T Wang DO Yanagisawa H Yuki M Okamoto A 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2011,9(19):6598-6603
Fluorescent oligonucleotides have been designed on which two different energy transfer processes were mounted together: excitonic interaction and FRET. The fluorescence emission of the oligonucleotides was controlled well by the two different energy transfer processes, in response to their hybridization to the complementary RNA both in vitro and in cells. 相似文献