光催化合成金属Ag纳米颗粒的生长机制——晶核密度控制的生长模式转换

利用AgNO3水溶液,通过严格控制TiO2薄膜的化学活性,系统研究了在TiO2表面光催化合成金属Ag纳米颗粒的生长行为。研究发现,光催化合成金属Ag纳米颗粒存在着两个完全不同的生长机制,分别对应着金属Ag纳米颗粒的各向同性和各向异性生长。当溶液浓度较低时,Ostwald熟化(OR)机制主导着金属Ag纳米颗粒的长大过程;当溶液浓度较高时,取向附生(OA)机制决定着金属Ag纳米颗粒长大成纳米片。原位消光光谱分析表明,OR机制和OA机制生长的前期具有相近消光特征,决定金属Ag纳米颗粒生长模式的关键是AgNO3溶液的浓度,更准确地说是金属Ag初级晶核的局域密度。在此基础上提出了有关光催化合成金属Ag纳米颗粒的生长模型。     

采用CO吸附原位红外光谱研究Pt/TiO_2光催化体系中助催化剂作用

采用CO作为探针分子,将原位透射红外光谱应用于研究助催化剂Pt在Pt/TiO2光催化体系中的作用.实验发现,光照条件下,CO的覆盖度及样品温度没有明显变化,CO在Pt/TiO2上的吸附峰红移11 cm–1,在Pt/Al2O3上的吸附峰没有位移,表明CO在Pt/TiO2上的红移来源于TiO2上的光生电子转移到Pt上,这解释了为什么加入Pt助催化剂可提高光催化产氢活性.     

Detoxifying CO2 Capture Reclaimer Waste by Anaerobic Digestion

The decrease in toxicity of carbon capture reclaimer monoethanolamine (MEA) waste (MEAw) during anaerobic degradation of such waste together with easily degradable organics was investigated. Samples were collected from a bioreactor at steady state with 86 % organic chemical oxygen demand removal at room temperature, which had been running on MEAw for 2 years. The toxicity of the digester effluents were 126, 42 and 10 times lower than that of the MEAw to the tested freshwater trophic groups of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna and embryos of Danio rerio, respectively. The toxicity of the tested taxonomic groups after anaerobic digestion was mainly attributed to the ammonia generated by the degradation of MEAw.     

Blind prediction of HIV integrase binding from the SAMPL4 challenge

Here, we give an overview of the protein-ligand binding portion of the Statistical Assessment of Modeling of Proteins and Ligands 4 (SAMPL4) challenge, which focused on predicting binding of HIV integrase inhibitors in the catalytic core domain. The challenge encompassed three components—a small “virtual screening” challenge, a binding mode prediction component, and a small affinity prediction component. Here, we give summary results and statistics concerning the performance of all submissions at each of these challenges. Virtual screening was particularly challenging here in part because, in contrast to more typical virtual screening test sets, the inactive compounds were tested because they were thought to be likely binders, so only the very top predictions performed significantly better than random. Pose prediction was also quite challenging, in part because inhibitors in the set bind to three different sites, so even identifying the correct binding site was challenging. Still, the best methods managed low root mean squared deviation predictions in many cases. Here, we give an overview of results, highlight some features of methods which worked particularly well, and refer the interested reader to papers in this issue which describe specific submissions for additional details.     

Stepwise Assembly of Turn-on Fluorescence Sensors in Multicomponent Metal–Organic Frameworks for in Vitro Cyanide Detection

The controlled synthesis of multicomponent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) allows for the precise placement of multiple cooperative functional groups within a framework, leading to emergent synergistic effects. Herein, we demonstrate that turn-on fluorescence sensors can be assembled by combining a fluorophore and a recognition moiety within a complex cavity of a multicomponent MOF. An anthracene-based fluorescent linker and a hemicyanine-containing CN⁻-responsive linker were sequentially installed into the lattice of PCN-700. The selective binding of CN⁻ to hemicyanine inhibited the energy transfer between the two moieties, resulting in a fluorescence turn-on effect. Taking advantage of the high tunability of the MOF platform, the ratio between anthracene and the hemicyanine moiety could be fine-tuned in order to maximize the sensitivity of the overall framework. The optimized MOF-sensor had a CN⁻-detection limit of 0.05 μm , which is much lower than traditional CN⁻ fluorescent sensors (about 0.2 μm ).     

Design,synthesis and insecticidal-activity evaluation of N-pyridylpyrazolo-5-methyl amines and its derivatives

In searching for novel insecticidal leads, a series of N-pyridylpyrazolo-5-methyl amines and their derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among the 22 target compounds obtained, bioassays indicated that some of the target compounds exhibited good insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella) and Spodoptera frugiperda (S. frugiperda). In particular, compound 9j revealed the best insecticidal activity against P. xylostella, with a LC₅₀ value of 22.11 mg/L, and compound 9q had the best insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda which with 73.99% of mortality rate at 100 mg/L. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis showed that 4-CF₃ at the position of R¹ linked with N-pyridylpyrazole via amide bond could enhance the insecticidal activity of the target compounds. This study provides valuable clues for the further design and optimization of N-pyridylpyrazole derivatives.     

单分子电导测量技术及其影响因素

Molecular electronics is an important field for the application of nanotechnologies with an ultimate goal of building functional devices using single molecules or molecular arrays to realize the same functionality as macroscopic devices. To attain this goal, reliable techniques for measuring and manipulating electron transfer processes through single molecules are essential. There are various techniques and many environmental factors influencing single-molecule electronic conductance measurements. In this review, we first provide a detailed introduction and classification of the current well-accepted techniques in this field for measuring single-molecule conductance. All available techniques are summarized into two categories: the fixed junction technique and break junction technique. The break junction technique involves repeatedly forming and breaking molecular junctions by mechanically controlling a pair of electrodes moving into and out of contact in the presence of target molecules. Single-molecule conductance can be determined from the conductance plateaus that appear in typical conductance decay traces when molecules bind two electrodes during their separation process. In contrast, the fixed junction technique is to fix the distance between a pair of electrodes and measure the conductance fluctuations when a single molecule binds the two electrodes stochastically. Both techniques comprise different application methods and have been employed preferentially by different groups. Specific features of both techniques and their intrinsic advantages are compared and summarized in Section 4.     

溶剂诱导翻转Pickering乳液用于原位循环使用酶催化剂

Separation and recycling of catalysts are crucial for realizing the objectives of sustainable and green chemistry but remain a great challenge, especially for enzyme biocatalysts. In this work, we report a new solvent-induced reversible inversion of Pickering emulsions stabilized by Janus mesosilica nanosheets (JMSNs), which is then utilized as a strategy for the in situ separation and recycling of enzymes. The interfacial active solid particle JMSNs is carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The JMSNs are demonstrated to show order-oriented mesochannels with a large specific surface area, and the hydrophobic octylgroup is selectively modified on one side of the nanosheets. Furthermore, the inversion is found to be a fast process that is strongly dependent on the interfacial activity of the solid emulsifier JMSNs. Such a phase inversion is also a general process that can be realized in various oil/water phasic systems, including ethyl acetate-water, octane-water, and cyclohexane-water systems. By carefully analyzing the capacity of JMSNs with different surface wettabilities for phase inversion, a triphase contact angle (θ) close to 90° and a critical oil-water ratio of 1 : 2 are identified as the key factors to achieve solvent-induced phase inversion via a catastrophic phase inversion mechanism. Importantly, this reversible phase inversion is suitable for the separation and recycling of enzyme biocatalysts that are sensitive to changes in the reaction medium. Specifically, during the reaction, the organic substrates are dissolved in the oil droplets and the water-soluble catalysts are dispersed in the water phase, while a majority of the product is released into the upper oil phase and the enzyme catalyst is confined inside the water droplets in the bottom layer after phase inversion. The perpendicular mesochannels of JMSNs provide a highly accessible reaction interface, and their excellent interfacial activity allows for more than 10 rounds of consecutive phase inversions by simply adjusting the ratio of oil to water in the system. Using the enzymatic hydrolysis kinetic resolution of racemic acetate as an example, our Pickering emulsion system shows not only a 3-fold enhanced activity but also excellent recyclability. Because no sensitive chemical reagents are used in this phase inversion process, the intrinsic activities of the catalysts can be preserved even after seven cycles. The current study provides an alternative strategy for the separation and recycling of enzymes, in addition to revealing a new innovative application for Janus-type nanoparticles.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中三氯生及甲基三氯生的含量

提出了应用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜(西红柿、黄瓜等)和水果(橙子、苹果等)中潜在的污染物三氯生(TCS)和甲基三氯生(MTCS)的含量的方法,以期有助于对此污染物在蔬菜、水果等食品中的污染问题的研究,并应用于农产品质量的安全监测之中。将样品分别去皮后切块,匀浆后于-22℃保存。称取样品5.00g,先后2次用乙酸乙酯(每次10mL)超声提取10min后离心10min,合并2次的提取液。将提取液吹氮蒸发至近干。加入衍生试剂体积比为99∶1的N,O-双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺-三甲基氯硅烷混合溶液100μL,在60℃下进行衍生化反应40min。反应结束后,将溶液吹氮至近干,用乙酸乙酯1.0mL溶解残渣。所得溶液供气相色谱-串联质谱法分析。用DB-17MS毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)在150~290℃区间按程序升温条件进行分离,在电子轰击离子源及多反应监测模式下进行质谱测定。经试验确定,用两种扫描程序分别扫描,TCS衍生物的母离子和子离子依次为m/z 362,347和m/z 360,345,MTCS的母离子和子离子则均为m/z 304,254。测得TCS衍生物和MTCS的标准曲线的线性范围均为0.4~20.0μg·L^-1,其检出限(3S/N)为4~6ng·kg^-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得TCS衍生物和MTCS在4种蔬菜、水果中的回收率为91.5%~107%和94.7%~111%。     

基于近红外光谱技术的白酒酒醅在线监测研究

为实现白酒生产过程中出窖酒醅智能化配粮,该文开发了一套在线近红外光谱监测系统,实时在线检测出窖酒醅配粮前的水分、淀粉及酸度,实时检测结果转化为4~20 mA电控输入信号,解决酒醅智能配粮问题。通过将在线近红外分析系统与台式近红外分析仪相结合,在四川宜宾六尺巷酒厂开展酒醅在线监测与配粮智能化应用。结果表明,台式仪器检测水分、淀粉、酸度的平均误差分别为-0.25%、0.38%和0.29 mmol/10 g,检测水分、淀粉、酸度的预测标准差(SEP)分别为0.60%、0.75%和0.18 mmol/10 g;在线仪器检测酒醅水分、淀粉、酸度的平均误差分别为-0.75%、0.48%、0.29 mmol/10 g,检测水分、淀粉、酸度的SEP分别为0.66%、0.97%、0.22 mmol/10 g。相比台式近红外分析结果,在线结果的平均误差及ＳＥＰ均有所放大,但在线分析的准确度能满足酒醅在线配粮控制的精度要求。