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241.
We propose a new method for the solution of stochastic unsaturated flow problems in randomly heterogeneous soils which avoids linearizing the governing flow equations or the soil constitutive relations, and places no theoretical limit on the variance of constitutive parameters. The proposed method applies to a broad class of soils with flow properties that scale according to a linearly separable model provided the dimensionless pressure head has a near-Gaussian distribution. Upon treating as a multivariate Gaussian function, we obtain a closed system of coupled nonlinear differential equations for the first and second moments of pressure head. We apply this Gaussian closure to steady-state unsaturated flow through a randomly stratified soil with hydraulic conductivity that varies exponentially with where =(1/) is dimensional pressure head and is a random field with given statistical properties. In one-dimensional media, we obtain good agreement between Gaussian closure and Monte Carlo results for the mean and variance of over a wide range of parameters provided that the spatial variability of is small. We then provide an outline of how the technique can be extended to two- and three-dimensional flow domains. Our solution provides considerable insight into the analytical behavior of the stochastic flow problem. 相似文献
242.
Fluctuation and synchronization of gait intervals and gait force profiles distinguish stages of Parkinson's disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We study the effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the long-term fluctuation and phase synchronization properties of gait timing (series of interstride intervals) as well as gait force profiles (series characterizing the morphological changes between the steps). We find that the fluctuations in the gait timing are significantly larger for PD patients and early PD patients, who were not treated yet with medication, compared to age-matched healthy controls. Simultaneously, the long-term correlations and the phase synchronization of right and left leg are significantly reduced in both types of PD patients. Surprisingly, long-term correlations of the gait force profiles are relatively weak for treated PD patients and healthy controls, while they are significantly larger for early PD patients. The results support the idea that timing and morphology of recordings obtained from a complex system can contain complementary information. 相似文献
243.
Shlomo Gelaki Edward S. Letzter 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(9):2673-2679
In formulating a generalized framework to study certain noncommutative algebras naturally arising in representation theory, K. A. Brown asked if every finitely generated Hopf algebra satisfying a polynomial identity was finite over a normal commutative Hopf subalgebra. In this note we show that Radford's biproduct, applied to the enveloping algebra of the Lie superalgebra , provides a noetherian prime counterexample.
244.
We present a temperature-dependent Sellmeier equation for the refractive index of stoichiometric LiTaO3. The extraordinary refractive index, for the range 0.39-4.1 microm and for temperatures of 30-200 degrees C, are based on previously published data [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 465 (2002)] and on measured data derived from quasi-phase-matched (QPM) resonances. We used the new Sellmeier coefficients that we obtained to calculate the QPM wavelengths for an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled stoichiometric LiTaO3 pumped at 1064 nm. The measured wavelengths of the OPO were in good agreement with our predictions. 相似文献
245.
Halbfinger E Gorochesky K Lévesque SA Beaudoin AR Sheihet L Margel S Fischer B 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2003,1(16):2821-2832
Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) is a technique widely used for identifying the binding-site within proteins. Although the classic method is both versatile and powerful, it suffers significant disadvantages, such as the need to radiolabel the PAL ligand, and the need to conduct highly complicated separations of both the labeled protein and the labeled peptides derived from it. Here, we propose a novel and universal methodology--Photo-Affinity Labeling on Magnetic microspheres (PALMm) designed to simplify and shorten the PAL protocol. In this context, we describe the preparation of PALMm reagents and the evaluation of their biochemical relevance regarding two ATP-binding enzymes: hexokinase and apyrase. 相似文献
246.
2-Alkyl-1,3-dithiane derivatives, easily made from alkyl bromides and the parent 1,3-dithiane, were reacted with BrF(3) to form the corresponding 1,1-difluoromethyl alkanes (RCHF(2)) in 60-75% yield. The reaction proceeds well with primary alkyl halides. The limiting step for secondary alkyl halides is the relatively low yield of the dithiane preparation. The two sulfur atoms of the dithiane are essential for the reaction. 相似文献
247.
248.
Shlomo Nir 《Progress in Surface Science》1977,8(1):1-58
Microscopic and macroscopic approaches to calculations of long-range Van der Waals interactions between bodies are reviewed. Expressions are presented for various geometries, including planar-layered structures, sheathed spheres and rods. Retardation effects are shown to reduce dispersion interactions in a similar fashion in both approaches. Pair summation procedure gives 10–25% greater values of dispersion interactions than the macroscopic approach. Orientation effects, previously neglected in microscopic approaches are strongly dependent on many-body effects. When orientation effects are included in a pair summation procedure, its calculated values are close to those calculated with the macroscopic approach.Experimentally determined force values are in agreement with calculated ones for distances of separation above 15 Å in vacuum. In general, the theory is insufficient for yielding forces at distances of separation below 20 Å in water.Determination of Van der Waals parameters from refractive indices of pure liquids and solutions is described. Within 5%, dispersion coefficients are independent of concentration of solution, and isotropic electronic polarizabilities agree with those obtained by the addition of bond polarizabilities. Van der Waals parameters of several major components of cellular surfaces and intercellular media are arranged according to an ascending sequence: water<alkanes<phospholipids<proteins and cholesterol<sugars.Variations in compositions, distances of separation, and layer thicknesses are considered in the calculation of the interactions between cellular surfaces, both in planar and spherical systems, including phospholipid vesicles. In planar-cellular systems, Hamaker coefficients vary between 4 x 10-15 and 6 x 10-14 erg; at 50 Å distance of separation the free energies and forces are 210 to 1600 kT/μm2, and 4 x 10-5 to 3 x 10-4 dynes/μm2 respectively. The total potential curve, including electrostatic interactions, is calculated and the questions of cellular adhesion and fusion of phospholipid vesicles are discussed. 相似文献
249.
250.
Charge-symmetry-breaking potentials suggested in the literature to resolve the discrepancy between calculated Coulomb energy differences of analog states and the experimental values, are considered in detail. We calculate the contributions of these potentials to the ground state energy differences of the mirror nuclei 3He3H, 15O15N, 17F17O, 39Ca39K and 41Sc41Ca. It turns out, due to the short range character of these symmetry-breaking potentials, that their inclusion may resolve the 3He3H difficulty but not the 41Sc41Ca discrepancy. 相似文献