Imidazolium supported palladium–chloroglycine complex: recyclable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions

1-Glycyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride–palladium(II) complex [[Gmim]Cl–Pd(II)] was found to be a catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction with excellent yields with high turnover number (6.5 × 10²–9.4 × 10²).     

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of New Macro Acyclic Mannich Derivatives: Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 2-[(E)-(Benzylideneamino)(aryl)methyl]cyclododecanone

Abstract

In an effort to provide a green synthetic route for heterocyclic scaffolds, new macro analogs of acyclic Mannich derivatives have been synthesized in good yields in a one-pot, efficient fashion. The acyclic symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2-[(E)-(benzylideneamino)(aryl)methyl]cyclododecanones have been synthesized by condensation of cyclododecanone, aromatic aldehyde, and ammonium acetate in ethanolic media. By infrared, NMR, and mass spectral analyses, their structures were determined. Examination of crystal structure of a p-Cl and o-Br analogs reveals the minimum energy [3333] square conformation of cyclododecanone ring. In the crystal, molecules aggregate in dimeric subunits formed by C-Cl … π and C-H..π interactions. The reported one-pot, multichain reaction of macrocycles is the first synthetic attempt of acyclic compounds in this type of Mannich reaction involving ketones containing active methylene groups.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.     

Efficient Synthesis of New Peptidyl Chloromethyl Ketones for the Application of Proteinase K Inhibitors

The synthesis of a new series of peptidyl chloromethyl ketones such as MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ile-CH₂Cl (AAPI) and MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ile-CH₂Cl (AAAPI) is described.     

The Utilization of Post-chlorinated Municipal Domestic Wastewater for Biomass and Lipid Production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlorella</Emphasis> spp. Under Batch Conditions

South Africa has a rich microalgal biodiversity which has the potential to be used for renewable bio-fuel production in the region. Bioprospecting for oleaginous microalgae in KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa, resulted in the establishment of a microalgal culture collection system for alternative energy research in the country. A potential hyper-lipid-producing Chlorella spp. strain was isolated, purified, and cultured in supplemented post-chlorinated wastewater for biomass and lipid production at the laboratory scale under batch mode. The microalgal strain was cultivated in different strengths of BG-11 media supplemented with wastewater from a local municipal domestic wastewater treatment plant. The Chlorella spp. was grown using ambient dissolved carbon dioxide in shake flasks under photosynthetically active radiation (±120 μmolm⁻²s⁻¹). Microalgal biomass and lipid productivity were monitored at 24-h intervals in the batch mode. The microalgal biomass was analyzed by direct light microscopy and indirectly by spectrophotometry at 600 nm, and the lipids were extracted and quantified. The growth rate of the Chlorella spp. was enhanced in post-chlorinated wastewater supplemented with 5 mM NaNO₃ with maximal biomass productivity. A dramatic increase in lipid yield was achieved with the post-chlorinated wastewater supplemented with 25 mM NaNO₃. Low dosages of free chlorine were found to enhance microalgal growth. These findings serve as a basis for further scale-up trials using municipal wastewater as a medium for microalgal biomass and lipid production.     

Complete dynamical analysis of a neuron under magnetic flow effect

In the last decades, many studies have been done about nervous system from the mathematical and computational point of view. Many mathematical models have been proposed to describe neuron. Most of them have described the membrane potential of a neuron in terms of the leakage current and the synaptic inputs. Very recently, according to the Maxwell electromagnetic induction theorem, researchers proposed a new neuron model which considers inner magnetic fluctuation and external electromagnetic radiation as a significant missing part that can participate in neural activity. In this paper, dynamical properties of this new model, such as equilibria and its stability, phase portraits, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, and basin of attraction, are investigated. Moreover, an implementation of electronic circuit and FPGA is also done to verify the feasibility of the theoretical model.