Neutral Community Theory: How Stochasticity and Dispersal-Limitation Can Explain Species Coexistence

Neutral community theory explains biodiversity, i.e. the coexistence of several species, as the result of a stochastic balance between immigration and extinction on a local level, and between speciation and extinction on a regional level. The most popular model, presented by Hubbell in 2001, has seen many analytical developments in recent years, which can be used in model analysis, model testing and model comparison. We review these developments here, and present alternative derivations and shine previously unnoticed lights on them.     

Category with a natural cone

Generally, in homotopy theory a cylinder object (or, its dual, a path object) is used to define homotopy between morphisms, and a cone object is used to build exact sequences of homotopy groups. Here, an axiomatic theory based on a cone functor is given. Suspension objects are associated to based objects and cofibrations, obtaining homotopy groups referred to an object and relative to a cofibration, respectively. Exact sequences of these groups are built. Algebraic and particular examples are given. We point out that the main results of this paper were already stated in [3], and the purpose of this article is to give full details of the foregoing.     

Fluoride effect on the palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to carbamates

Fluorides promote the palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to carbamates. The effect is more evident on the rate of the reaction at short reaction times, but a positive effect on selectivity is also observed under certain conditions. The effect is observed even under conditions under which chloride inhibits the reaction. Tetraethylammonium is a better countercation than sodium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Generalized infinite-dimensional Fresnel integrals

A generalized infinite dimensional oscillatory integral with a polynomially growing phase function is defined and explicitly computed in terms of an absolutely convergent Gaussian integral. The results are applied to the Feynman path integral representation for the solution of the Schrödinger equation with an anharmonic oscillator potential. To cite this article: S. Albeverio, S. Mazzucchi, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004).     

Dihalodimethyltin(IV) complexes of 2‐(pyrazol‐1‐ylmethyl)pyridine

Reaction of dichloro‐ and dibromodimethyltin(IV) with 2‐(pyrazol‐1‐ylmethyl)pyridine (PMP) afforded [SnMe₂Cl₂(PMP)] and [SnMe₂Br₂(PMP)] respectively. The new complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and mass spectrometry and by IR, Raman and NMR (¹H, ¹³C) spectroscopies. Structural studies by X‐ray diffraction techniques show that the compounds consist of discrete units with the tin atom octahedrally coordinated to the carbon atoms of the two methyl groups in a trans disposition (Sn? C = 2.097(5), 2.120(5) Å and 2.110(6), 2.121(6) Å in the chloro and in the bromo compounds respectively), two cis halogen atoms (Sn? Cl = 2.4908(16), 2.5447(17) Å; Sn? Br = 2.6875(11), 2.7464(9) Å) and the two donor atoms of the ligand (Sn? N = 2.407(4), 2.471(4) Å and 2.360(5), 2.455(5) Å). In both cases, the Sn? N(pyridine) bond length is markedly longer than the Sn? N(pyrazole) distance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integrable semiclassical deformations of general algebraic curves and associated conservation laws

Based on the Lenard relations, we completely classify integrable deformations of general algebraic curves. We construct the general solution of the Lenard relation from the invariance condition with respect to an element of the Galois group of the curve. We give some examples and also some associated conservation laws. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 151, No. 3, pp. 458–469, June, 2007.     

A Distributional Approach to Multiple Stochastic Integrals and Transformations of the Poisson Measure

We study a class of ‘nonpoissonian’ transformations of the configuration space and the corresponding transformations of the Poisson measure. For some class of Poisson measures we find conditions which are sufficient for the transformed measure (which in general is nonpoissonian) to be absolutely continuous with respect to the initial Poisson measure and get the expression for the corresponding Radon–Nikodym derivative. To solve this problem we use a distributional approach to Poisson multiple stochastic integrals.     

Sandwich Techniques in flow injection analysis : Part 1. Continuous recalibration techniques for process control

Flow injection methodology based on sample insertion between two different standard solutions used as carrier streams is described. This approach provides a simple system for continuous recalibration in process control; spectrophotometric and ion-selective electrode procedures are outlined.     

Remarks on global approximate controllability for the 2-D Navier–Stokes system with Dirichlet boundary conditions

This Note deals with the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes system. In this context, we prove a result concerning its global approximate controllability by means of boundary controls. To cite this article: S. Guerrero et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 343 (2006).