Simplified global fault accommodation control design of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown time-varying powers

This paper addresses the problem of global robust fault accommodation tracking for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown powers and actuator faults. It is assumed that the powers of the concerned system are unknown time-varying functions, all system nonlinearities are unknown, and unknown actuator faults depend on the time-varying power of a control input. A fault accommodation state-feedback controller is explicitly constructed based on the nonlinear error transformation technique using time-varying performance functions. Global tracking with the preselected performance bounds is established in the presence of unknown time-varying powers and unexpected actuator faults. Different from the previous results dealing with the problem of unknown time-varying powers, the proposed tracking strategy does not require the knowledge of the bounds of the time-varying powers and the nonlinear bounding functions of system nonlinearities. An underactuated mechanical system is simulated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical approach.     

Event-triggered output-feedback tracking of a class of nonlinear systems with unknown time delays

A single function approximation (SFA) approach for event-triggered output-feedback tracker design is presented for uncertain nonlinear time-delay systems in lower-triangular form. Contrary to the existing event-triggered output-feedback control methods dependent on multiple function approximators in the presence of lower-triangular nonlinearities, the proposed SFA approach provides the following advantages: (i) the simple observer structure independent of function approximators; (ii) one event-triggering condition based on only a tracking error; and (iii) the simple control scheme using one function approximator. Thus, the structural simplicity is allowed for implementing the observer and the event-triggering law in the sensor part and the adaptive tracker in the control part. Under the proposed SFA-based event-triggered control scheme, it is shown that the boundedness of closed-loop signals and the existence of a minimum inter-event time are guaranteed regardless of unknown time-delay nonlinearities and unmeasurable state variables.

     

Expression patterns of antioxidant proteins in brains of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and Western blot analysis, we were able to identify and quantify six antioxidant proteins, peroxiredoxin (Prx) I, Prx II, Prx III, 1-Cys Prx, putative peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme (PLP), and mitochondrial Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in two individual brain regions, cerebellum and frontal cortex of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob (sCJD). Among six antioxidant proteins, 1-Cys Prx showed significant increase (P > 0.05) in sCJD frontal cortex whereas Prx I was decreased (P > 0.01). In cerebellum, levels of all antioxidant proteins studied were comparable to those of controls. Our findings provide evidence for the link between aberrant expression of antioxidant proteins, 1-Cys Prx and Prx I and CJD neuropathogenesis and we discuss the neuropathological meaning of these dysregulated antioxidant proteins in sCJD brain.     

Spirometallodendrimers: terpyridine-based intramacromolecular cyclization upon complexation

The first examples of metallodendritic spiranes have been obtained via incorporation of single terpyridine units within each dendritic quadrant.     

The free surface on a liquid between cylinders rotating at different speeds. Part III

Summary This paper is a further contribution to our work on the Weissenberg effect. One goal of our work is to show how the free-surface deformations on a viscoelastic fluid which is sheared between two concentric rotating cylinders can be used to determine rheological data about the fluid. In this paper we report the results of an experimental program in which free surface shapes have been measured on three viscoelastic fluids undergoing shearing in an apparatus consisting of a stationary outer cylinder and four interchangeable rotating inner cylinders. Experimentally-measured profiles are compared with profiles predicted from second-order theory, and found to be in excellent agreement for STP and TLA-227 in the range of applicability of the second-order theory, but there is some disagreement in the results for a 2% solution of polyacrylamide in 49% water –49% glycerin.

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Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit stellt einen weiteren Beitrag zu unseren Untersuchungen über den Weissenberg-Effekt dar. Ein Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist es zu zeigen, wie die Deformation der freien Oberfläche einer zwischen zwei konzentrischen Zylindern gescherten viskoelastischen Flüssigkeit dazu verwendet werden kann, rheologische Kenngrößen der Flüssigkeit zu gewinnen. In dieser Arbeit wird über die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Untersuchung berichtet, in der die Gestalt der freien Oberfläche bei drei viskoelastischen Flüssigkeiten gemessen wurde, die in einem Apparat geschert wurden, der aus einem stationären Außenzylinder und vier auswechselbaren rotierenden Innenzylindern bestand. Die experimentell bestimmten Profile werden mit solchen verglichen, die aufgrund einer Theorie zweiter Ordnung vorausgesagt worden sind. Man findet im Bereich der Anwendbarkeit dieser Theorie für STP und TLA-227 eine ausgezeichnete Übereinstimmung, wohingegen die Ergebnisse bei einer 2%igen Polyacrylamid-Lösung in einer 1:1-Wasser-Glycerin-Mischung gewisse Diskrepanzen aufweisen.

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With 12 figures and 1 table     

Computer diagnostics of an optically dense plasma from absorption spectra

An algorithm is constructed for solving the problem of diagnostics of an optically dense plasma from the absorption spectra of isolated self-reversed spectral lines. The basic parameters taken are the width of the absorption line at the level 0.8J_o, where J_o is the intensity of the transmitted radiation, and the asymmetry of the absorption profile. The problem is solved by computer with the iteration method on the basis of the transverse pattern of the spectra. The radial variation of the concentration of absorbing atoms, of the electron concentration, and of the thin layer profile is determined. The method is applied to a low-voltage pulsed discharge, 2 msec in length, with a time resolution of 0.10 msec.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 11–16, July, 1981.