Generation of multiply charged refractory metals in an electron-cyclotron resonant discharge in a direct magnetic trap

The possibility of additional ionization of refractory metal ions in the vacuum arc plasma injected to a magnetic trap due to additional heating of electrons by microwave radiation under the conditions of electron-cyclotron resonance is demonstrated. High-power short-wave radiation of gyrotrons used in experiment makes it possible to work with a higher (on the order of 10¹³ cm⁻³) density of the plasma and to ensure the confinement parameter at a level of 3 × 10⁸ cm⁻³ s at an electron temperature sufficient for multiple ionization.     

Laser ablation of metals in liquids: A method for producing Au and Cu colloid systems

A comprehensive study of laser ablation in liquids is performed. The use of iron, gold, copper, and magnesium nanoparticles in medicine is shown. The results from studying gold and copper colloid systems synthesized using the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser are reported.     

Effect of preliminary orientation on polymer friction

It has been shown experimentally that preliminary orientation leads to a change in the mechanical properties of polymers, a decrease in the actual contact area and a corresponding reduction of the deformation and adhesion components of the forces of friction.Institute of Mechanics of Metal — Polymer Systems, Academy of Sciences of the Belorussian SSR, Gomel'. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 4, pp. 692–696, July–August, 1971.     

Two-dimensional and layered structures in the discrete φ4 model

The properties of phase transitions in two-dimensional and layered systems are investigated on the basis of a discrete φ⁴ model by numerical and analytical methods. The only parameter a of the discrete φ⁴ model determines the behavior of the system and makes it possible to investigate phase transitions ranging from transitions of the displacement type (a → +0) to order-disorder type (a → +∞). The behavior of a two-dimensional system is investigated in a wide range of values of the parameter a. The temperature dependences of the squared order parameter η²(T) and the phase transition temperature T _c as a function of the thickness N of the system are obtained for three characteristic values of the parameter a using the Monte Carlo method. The properties of phase transitions in the discrete φ⁴ model are investigated on the basis of the mean-field approximation and the independent-mode approximation. The results obtained in the numerical experiments are compared with the analytical approximations. It is shown that the mean-field approximation qualitatively describes the behavior of the phase-transition temperature T _c as a function of the thickness N of the system for a wide range of values of the parameter a, and the independent-mode approximation describes quantitatively, to within 5%, the results of the numerical simulation for small values of a.     

Revisiting a Three-Player Pursuit-Evasion Game

Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - We consider the game of a holonomic evader passing between two holonomic pursuers. The optimal trajectories of this game are known. We give a...     

Correlated adatom trimer on a metal surface: a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo study

The problem of three interacting Kondo impurities is solved within a numerically exact continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo scheme. A suppression of the Kondo resonance by interatomic exchange interactions for different cluster geometries is investigated. It is shown that a drastic difference between the Heisenberg and Ising cases appears for antiferromagnetically coupled adatoms. The effects of magnetic frustrations in the adatom trimer are investigated, and possible connections with available experimental data are discussed.     

A criterion for Banach manifolds with a separable model to be finite-dimensional

We give an example of a continuous bijective mapping with a discontinuous inverse which acts in a separable Banach space and differs from the identical mapping only in an open unit ball. A criterion for Banach manifolds with a separable model to be finite-dimensional is established in terms of the continuity of inverse operators.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 1099–1103, August, 1994.     

Extreme-ultraviolet source based on the electron-cyclotron-resonance discharge

An extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) source based on a low-pressure discharge sustained in a magnetic trap by the high-power millimeter-wave radiation under electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) conditions is discussed. Multiply charged ions are efficiently generated and excited in such a discharge (tin ions injected into the trap from a vacuum-arc discharge were used) and emit line radiation in the desired wavelength range. A radiation power of 50 W in a wavelength range of 13.5 nm ± 1% and an efficiency of about 1% for the conversion of the micro-wave radiation absorbed in the plasma to the extreme ultraviolet radiation were achieved in the preliminary experiments.