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31.
Stille coupling under standard conditions proceeds in low yield when using hindered organostannanes (1) or (2) and aryl bromide partners. The inclusion of aryl iodide instead of aryl bromide with the same organostannanes, significantly improves the efficiency of the coupling, providing a variety of desired products in good to excellent yield. The yields of Stille coupling are compared to the different reactivity of aryl halides. This study of Stille coupling with different aryl halides are documented and rationalized.  相似文献   
32.
An exact Chameleon cosmological model describing the evolution of a non-singular bouncing cosmology with the phantom divide line crossing is obtained by constructing two independent functions of the scalar field.  相似文献   
33.
    
A trace elemental analysis was carried out in various parts of 12 anticancer medicinal plants, using the PIXE (particle‐induced X‐ray emission) technique. A 3‐MeV proton beam was used to excite the samples, and spectra were recorded using a Si (Li) detector. Data analysis was done using the GUPIX software. The elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Sr were identified, and their concentrations estimated. The results of the present study provide justification for the usage of these medicinal plants in the development of anticancer drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
34.
    
Samples of Cu–Zn ferrites doped with different rare earth ions (La, Sm, Nd, Gd, and Dy) are investigated. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated the presence of a single spinel phase. The lattice parameter is found to be nearly independent of the doped rare earth ion type. The density is measured and the porosity is calculated for each sample. The magnetization is measured on toroidal samples using the induction method. The initial permeability μi is measured as a function of temperature at a constant frequency of 10 kHz and the Curie temperature TC is determined. The variations of magnetization, relative permeability and the initial permeability as a function of the effective magnetic moment of the doped rare earth ion are discussed.  相似文献   
35.
    
Three new palladium complexes ([Pd(DABA)Cl2], [Pd(CPDA)Cl2], and [Pd(HZPY)Cl2]) bearing dinitrogen ligands (DABA: 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid; CPDA: 4-chloro–o-phenylenediamine; HZPY: 2-hydraziniopyridine) were synthesized, characterized, and tested against breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate carcinoma cell line (PC3) and liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2). [Pd(DABA)Cl2] complex exhibited the highest inhibition percentage, lying between 68–71%. The hydrolysis mechanism of each palladium complex, the key step preceding the binding to the biological target, as well as their photophysical properties were explored by means of DFT and TDDFT computations. Results indicate a faster hydrolysis process for the Pd(DABA)Cl2 complex. The computed activation energies for the first and second hydrolysis processes suggest that all the compounds could reach DNA in their monohydrated form.  相似文献   
36.
    
Nano-bioremediation application is an ecologically and environmentally friendly technique to overcome the catastrophic situation in soil because of petroleum waste contamination. We evaluated the efficiency of oil-degrading bacterial consortium and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with or without fertilizer to remediate soils collected from petroleum waste contaminated oil fields. Physicochemical characteristics of control soil and petroleum contaminated soils were assessed. Four oil-degrading strains, namely Bacillus pumilus ({\"type\":\"entrez-nucleotide\",\"attrs\":{\"text\":\"KY010576\",\"term_id\":\"1248281175\"}}KY010576), Exiguobacteriaum aurantiacum ({\"type\":\"entrez-nucleotide\",\"attrs\":{\"text\":\"KY010578\",\"term_id\":\"1248281177\"}}KY010578), Lysinibacillus fusiformis ({\"type\":\"entrez-nucleotide\",\"attrs\":{\"text\":\"KY010586\",\"term_id\":\"1248281185\"}}KY010586), and Pseudomonas putida ({\"type\":\"entrez-nucleotide\",\"attrs\":{\"text\":\"KX580766\",\"term_id\":\"1159332275\"}}KX580766), were selected based on their in vitrohydrocarbon-degrading efficiency. In a lab experiment, contaminated soils were treated alone and with combined amendments of the bacterial consortium, AgNPs, and fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate). We detected the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of the soil samples with GC-FID at different intervals of the incubation period (0, 5, 20, 60, 240 days). The bacterial population (CFU/g) was also monitored during the entire period of incubation. The results showed that 70% more TPH was degraded with a consortium with their sole application in 20 days of incubation. There was a positive correlation between TPH degradation and the 100-fold increase in bacterial population in contaminated soils. This study revealed that bacterial consortiums alone showed the maximum increase in the degradation of TPHs at 20 days. The application of nanoparticles and fertilizer has non-significant effects on the consortium degradation potential. Moreover, fertilizer alone or in combination with AgNPs and consortium slows the rate of degradation of TPHs over a short period. Still, it subsequently accelerates the rate of degradation of TPHs, and a negligible amount remains at the end of the incubation period.  相似文献   
37.
    
An efficient Hantzsch four-component condensation reaction for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives was reported under two conditions: solvent-free conventional heating and energy-saving microwave irradiation. The process is simple and environmentally benign, and the use of a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst, high yields, and short reaction times are the key features of this protocol.  相似文献   
38.
    
Three new amides, pipgulzarine ( 1 ), pipzorine ( 2 ), and piptahsine ( 3 ), have been isolated from the dried seeds of Piper nigrum Linn. along with nine known constituents: (2E,4E,8Z)‐N‐(isobutyl)eicosatrienamide, pellitorine, pipercide, piperine, stigmastanol, stigmasterol, decurrenal, stigmasterol 3‐Oβ‐D ‐glucopyranoside, and 5,10(15)‐cadinen‐4‐ol. The structures of the new constituents have been established as (2E,11E)‐12‐(benzo[1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐N‐(2‐methylpropyl)dodeca‐2,11‐dienamide ( 1 ), (2E,12Z)‐N‐(4‐methylpentyl)octadeca‐2,12‐dienamide ( 2 ), and (2E,4S)‐4‐hydroxy‐N‐(2‐methylpropyl)hex‐2‐enamide ( 3 ). The structures of 1 – 3 were derived by spectral studies and chemical reactions, and by comparison of spectral data in the case of known constituents. Compounds 1 and 2 , and most of the already known compounds, exhibited toxicity against fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti Liston. The isolated (Z) double bond in 2 was assigned on the basis of its EI‐MS fragmentation pattern and its reaction with OsO4. The (S) configuration at C(4) of 3 was determined by Horeau's method. This is the first report of the isolation of a 4‐methylpentylamide from P. nigrum, while shorter branched amides have been reported from this genus [1].  相似文献   
39.
This paper contains the study of spherically symmetric perfect fluid collapse in the frame work of f(R, T) modified theory of gravity. We proceed our work by considering the non-static spherically symmetric background in the interior and static spherically symmetric background in the exterior regions of the star. The junction conditions between exterior and interior regions are presented by matching the exterior and interior regions. The field equations are solved by taking the assumptions that the Ricci scalar as well as the trace of energy-momentum tensor are to be constant, for a particular f(R, T) model. By inserting the solution of the field equations in junction conditions, we evaluate the gravitational mass of the collapsing system. Also, we discuss the apparent horizons and their time formation for different possible cases. It is concluded that the term f(R 0, T 0) behaves as a source of repulsive force and that’s why it slowdowns the collapse of the matter.  相似文献   
40.
Studies on the chemical constituents of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia Linn. have led to the isolation of two new compounds, morinaphthalene (=1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, (1); and morindafurone (=5-hydroxy-1,10b-dihydro-6H-anthra [1,9-bc] furan-6-one, (2); as well as two known constituents, 1,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-anthrone (3) and 2,4-dimethoxy-9-anthrone (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis including 2D NMR techniques.  相似文献   
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