NH4+ Charge Carrier Coordinated H-Bonded Organic Small Molecule for Fast and Superstable Rechargeable Zinc Batteries

Organic small molecules as high-capacity cathodes for Zn-organic batteries have inspired numerous interests, but are trapped by their easy-dissolution in electrolytes. Here we knit ultrastable lock-and-key hydrogen-bonding networks between 2, 7-dinitropyrene-4, 5, 9, 10-tetraone (DNPT) and NH₄⁺ charge carrier. DNPT with octuple-active carbonyl/nitro centers (H-bond acceptor) are redox-exclusively accessible for flexible tetrahedral NH₄⁺ ions (H-bond donator) but exclude larger and rigid Zn²⁺, due to a lower activation energy (0.14 vs. 0.31 eV). NH₄⁺ coordinated H-bonding chemistry conquers the stability barrier of DNPT in electrolyte, and gives fast diffusion kinetics of non-metallic charge carrier. A stable two-step 4e⁻ NH₄⁺ coordination with DNPT cathode harvests a high capacity (320 mAh g⁻¹), a high-rate capability (50 A g⁻¹) and an ultralong life (60,000 cycles). This finding points to a new paradigm for H-bond stabilized organic small molecules to design advanced zinc batteries.     

Achieving Molecular Recognition of Structural Analogues in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Inducing Charge and Geometry Complementarity to Mimic Molecular Docking

Molecular recognition of complex isomeric biomolecules remains challenging in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy due to their small Raman cross-sections and/or poor surface affinities. To date, the use of molecular probes has achieved excellent molecular sensitivities but still suffers from poor spectral specificity. Here, we induce “charge and geometry complementarity” between probe and analyte as a key strategy to achieve high spectral specificity for effective SERS molecular recognition of structural analogues. We employ 4-mercaptopyridine (MPY) as the probe, and chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharides with isomeric sulfation patterns as our proof-of-concept study. Our experimental and in silico studies reveal that “charge and geometry complementarity” between MPY's binding pocket and the CS sulfation patterns drives the formation of site-specific, multidentate interactions at the respective CS isomerism sites, which “locks” each CS in its analogue-specific complex geometry, akin to molecular docking events. Leveraging the resultant spectral fingerprints, we achieve > 97 % classification accuracy for 4 CSs and 5 potential structural interferences, as well as attain multiplex CS quantification with < 3 % prediction error. These insights could enable practical SERS differentiation of biologically important isomers to meet the burgeoning demand for fast-responding applications across various fields such as biodiagnostics, food and environmental surveillance.     

Frenkel Defect-modulated Anti-thermal Quenching Luminescence in Lanthanide-doped Sc2(WO4)3

Although large amount of effort has been invested in combating thermal quenching that severely degrades the performance of luminescent materials particularly at high temperatures, not much affirmative progress has been realized. Herein, we demonstrate that the Frenkel defect formed via controlled annealing of Sc₂(WO₄)₃:Ln (Ln=Yb, Er, Eu, Tb, Sm), can work as energy reservoir and back-transfer the stored excitation energy to Ln³⁺ upon heating. Therefore, except routine anti-thermal quenching, thermally enhanced 415-fold downshifting and 405-fold upconversion luminescence are even obtained in Sc₂(WO₄)₃:Yb/Er, which has set a record of both the Yb³⁺-Er³⁺ energy transfer efficiency (>85 %) and the working temperature at 500 and 1073 K, respectively. Moreover, this design strategy is extendable to other hosts possessing Frenkel defect, and modulation of which directly determines whether enhanced or decreased luminescence can be obtained. This discovery has paved new avenues to reliable generation of high-temperature luminescence.     

煅烧时间对正极材料LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2浓度梯度结构及电化学性能的影响

将铝溶液按3种不同的流速连续注入,联合共沉淀结晶控制法合成了具有核壳结构的Ni_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05(OH)₂前驱体,即内核为均相组成的Ni_0.88Co_0.12(OH)₂,外壳为Ni、Co和Al含量呈连续变化的Ni_0.72Co_0.18Al_0.10(OH)₂。将该前驱体与LiOH·H₂O混合均匀,在700℃的氧气气流下进行煅烧,通过控制煅烧时间使材料中Ni、Co和Al扩散形成含量呈连续梯度变化的且具有类球形形貌的LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂正极材料。梯度结构中Ni、Co和Al的分布情况直接影响材料的电化学性能和结构稳定性。当煅烧时间为12 h时,从颗粒的核心到表面,Ni含量(原子分数)由0.855下降至0.732,Al含量由0.003增加至0.115,Co含量维持在0.142~0.163之间,而表面组成为LiNi_0.732Co_0.153Al_0.115O₂。此时材料具有良好完整的层状结构且Li⁺/Ni²⁺混排程度最低,在0.2C下的放电比容量为201.3 mAh·g^-1,略低于均相LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂的放电比容量(205.8 mAh·g^-1);以0.2C充电、1C放电循环200周后,其容量保留率为71.6%,优于均相组成的材料(54.6%)。这是因为镍含量低而铝、钴含量高(相对于均相材料)的外层可以有效抑制充放电循环过程中引起颗粒体积的各向异性变化,减少电极极化,从而减缓极片表面裂纹的生成和扩展,降低电池的电荷传递阻抗,从而提高循环稳定性和结构稳定性。该材料合成过程中只有在铝溶液流速切换时使pH值发生小幅度的波动,但很快恢复到稳定,可以保证前驱体具有良好的结晶性,使核壳结构易设计、控制;而后通过调控煅烧时间合成LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂,有利于进一步地精准设计材料的浓度梯度结构。     

7,8-二氢-6,6-二甲基-7,8-环氧-6氢-吡喃[2,3-f]苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑的合成

本文给出了一条较好的制备7,8-二氢-6,6-二甲基-7,8环氧-6氢-吡喃[2,3-f]苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑的合成路线,即由对乙酰氨基苯酚经酯化、Fries重排、环合、还原、脱水、硝化、脱酰基、氧化、脱氧和催化环氧化等反应制得标题化合物,其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证。     

157例新生儿窒息的临床分析

在广州市第六人民医院分娩的１９３６例中发生新生儿窒息的高危因素依次脐带因素，产程异常，胎位异常，胎盘功能减退，早产，胎儿宫内发育迟缓及巨大儿或出头出肩困难，羊水异常，宫缩过强等，加强孕妇孕期保健，产时监护及新生儿出生后的处理可降低新生儿窒息的发生率。     

杨村烟煤与石油渣油共处理反应特性的研究

用共振搅拌反应器研究了山东兖州杨村的烟煤与北京燕山石化公司的石油渣油共处理液化的反应过程，考察了反应温度和反应时间对煤液化转化率及产物中前涸青烯，苯可溶组分的影响。     

碱性介质中高择优取向（220）镍电极上丙醇的电氧化

对１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮｉＳＯ４和０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ３ＢＯ３体系，控制电位为一１．２５Ｖ，沉积６０ｍｉｎ，制得高择优取向镍电极。该镍电极经Ｘ射线衍射测定其织构度ＴＣ２２０为９２％。采用循环伏安法研究了１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ溶液中高择翁取向镍电极上丙醇的电催化氧化机理有活性，结果表明：高择优取向镍电极对正丙醇的电催化活性高，对异丙醇的电催化活性小；推导出正丙醇的电氧化动力学方程，运用稳态极经曲线测定了     

反相高效液相色谱法测定动物体液和组织中的HMBA

介绍了用甲醇沉淀萃取法、反相高效液相色谱法分离测定生物样品中的抗癌药物六亚甲基二乙酰胺（ＨＭＢＡ）的新方法。药物的回收率在９３．３％～１０４％之间。对鼠和兔的血、尿及８种组织１５３个样品中的ＨＭＢＡ进行了测定,得到了满意的结果。     

双生成元$A_n$型拟遗传代数的拟遗传序

本文讨论双生成元$A_n$型代数的拟遗传序的性质,给出了该类代数的单模序是拟遗传序的充分必要条件,并利用组合技巧得出了该类代数拟遗传序的数目.