FTIR and thermal studies of modified natural rubber based polymer electrolytes

Chemical modification of natural rubber (NR) has frequently been attempted to improve the performance in specific application. 30% poly (methyl metacrylate) grafted NR (MG 30) has been explored as a potential candidate for polymer electrolytes. The complexation effect of LiCF₃SO₃, ethylene carbonate (EC) and Al₂SiO₅ in polymer host electrolytes has been investigated using FTIR ICP-OES spectrometry. Thermal studies of the systems have displayed a stable trend of glass temperature transition at elevated salt concentration whereas incorporation of EC and filler into the system results in the same pattern in their T_g values. Paper presented at the International Conference on Functional Materials and Devices 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 6 – 8, 2005.     

Modélisation de fissures elliptiques internes par hybridation de fonctions de poidsEmbedded elliptical cracks modeling with hybridization of weight functions

A method improving the evaluation of the stress intensity factor by hybridization of two weight functions is presented and applied to embedded elliptical cracks under various loadings. The hybridization consists in using one or the other function in the zone of the crack where it is the most efficient. The delimitation of the two zones is achieved after optimizing the axes ratio and the curvature radius of the crack. During this optimization we seek to reduce the effects of the singularities present in the weight functions as well as to take better into account the influence of the ellipse curvature. To cite this article: B. El Khalil Hachi et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Finite element method for the stress analysis of isotropic cylindrical helical spring

This paper presents an efficient two nodes finite element with six degrees of freedom per node, capable to model the total behaviour of a helical spring. The formulation, which includes the shear deformation effects, is based on the assumed forces hybrid approach. The resultant forces approximation verifies exactly the resultant equilibrium equations. The developed model proves its accuracy compared with other elements. This element permits to get the distribution of different stresses along the spring and through the wire surface by only one element.     

Further Studies with Ethyl 5‐Amino‐3‐phenyl‐lH‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylate1

The newly synthesized ethyl 3‐amino‐5‐phenylpyrazole‐4‐carboxylate 1 was diazotized and coupled with β‐naphthol, active methylene reagents 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , and the active methine 19 to afford the pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines 5 , 8 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , and the pyrazolo[5,1‐ c ]‐1,2,4‐triazoles 21 , 22 , and 23 , respectively. Structures are elucidated and mechanisms are discussed.     

Investigation of the dissociation pathways of metolachlor, acetochlor and alachlor under electron ionization - application to the identification of ozonation products

With the future aim of using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the transformation products of ozonated herbicides: metolachlor, acetochlor and alachlor, an interpretation of their electron ionization mass spectra is presented. Fragmentation mechanisms are proposed on the basis of isotopic labelling and multiple-stage mass spectrometry experiments carried out on an ion trap mass spectrometer. We also give examples in order to demonstrate how the elucidation of such fragmentation mechanisms for herbicides may simplify the characterization of their ozonation products.     

Urease inhibition and anti-leishmanial assay of substituted benzoylguanidines and their copper(II) complexes

A series of N,N',N'-trisubstituted guanidines (1-6) and their copper(II) complexes, [κ(2)(O,N)-C(6)H(5)CONHC(NHC(6)H(4)Cl)NR](2)Cu(ii) (R = iso-propyl (1a), n-butyl (2a), sec-butyl (3a), tert-butyl (4a), benzyl (5a), and para-tolyl (6a)) were synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. DFT studies were used to assess the location of the protons in the free ligands. However, calculations have shown that, in all cases, hydrogen bonding from either N-H group gives conformations that are very similar in energy. Single crystal XRD studies were used to characterize ligands 1 and 4 and the related complexes 1a and 4a. The structures reveal that these complexes are mononuclear in the solid state and that copper adopts a regular square planar geometry. In both metallic species, the N, N', N'-trisubstituted guanidine ligands chelate the Cu(II) atom using the oxygen and one nitrogen. The synthesized compounds were investigated for urease inhibition using thiourea as a standard drug. Most complexes exhibit a better activity than the respective guanidines and compound 1a was found to be the most active with IC(50) = 9.83 ± 0.07 μM (the IC(50) for thiourea is 21.0 ± 0.1 μM). The species were also screened for their anti-leishmanial activity. However, all of the compounds were devoid of any significant activity.     

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization-derived monolithic strong anion exchangers for the separation of 5'-phosphorylated oligodeoxythymidylic acids fragments

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) derived monoliths were prepared from 5-norborn-2-enemethyl bromide (NBE-CH(2)Br) and tris(5-norborn-2-enemethoxy)methylsilane ((NBE-CH(2)O)(3)SiCH(3)) within the confines of surface-silanized borosilicate columns (100 mm × 3 mm I.D.), applying Grubbs' first generation benzylidene-type catalyst [RuCl(2)(PCy(3))(2)(CHPh)]. Two monoliths of the same recipe were converted into strong anion-exchangers applying two different approaches. Monolith I was prepared by a two-step reaction of the poly(NBE-CH(2)-Br) moieties with diethyl amine forming a weak-anion exchanger followed by reaction (quaternization) with ethyl iodide. Monolith II was prepared via a single-step reaction of the poly(NBE-CH(2)-Br) moieties with triethyl amine. The resulting monolithic anion-exchangers prepared demonstrated a good aptitude for the anion-exchange separation of single-stranded nucleic acids (ss-DNA). However, monolith II showed superior separation efficiency compared to monolith I indicated by sharper analyte peaks and better resolution values for the 5'-phosphorylated oligodeoxythymidylic acids fragments. On monolith II, the seven fragments of [d(pT)(12-18)] were baseline separated in less than 9 min. The influence of the buffer pH on the separation efficiency was studied applying a phosphate (0.05 mol/L, pH 7 and 8) and Tris-HCl buffer (0.05 mol/L, pH 9), respectively.     

In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of some new heterocyclic sulfonamide derivatives

Sulfonamide‐bearing compounds posses many types of biological activities and have been recently reported to show substantial antitumor activity in vitro and/or in vivo. There are a variety of mechanisms for the anticancer activity, and the most prominent mechanism is the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isozymes. This work reports the synthesis of some new quinoline, pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline and 3,1‐oxazinoquinoline derivatives bearing a sulfonamide moiety. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Compounds 10 , 13 , and 26 were the most active compounds with IC₅₀ values of 6.1 μM, 6.8 μM, and 6.4 μM, respectively, and exhibited better activities than the reference drug doxorubicin (IC₅₀ = 68.1 μM). J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.     

Regularity of Nash payoffs of Markovian nonzero-sum stochastic differential games

In this paper we deal with the problem of existence of a smooth solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman–Isaacs (HJBI for short) system of equations associated with nonzero-sum stochastic differential games. We consider the problem in unbounded domains either in the case of continuous generators or for discontinuous ones. In each case we show the existence of a smooth solution of the system. As a consequence, we show that the game has smooth Nash payoffs which are given by means of the solution of the HJBI system and the stochastic process which governs the dynamic of the controlled system.     

Residual and Past Discrete Tsallis and Renyi Extropy with an Application to Softmax Function

In this paper, based on the discrete lifetime distribution, the residual and past of the Tsallis and Renyi extropy are introduced as new measures of information. Moreover, some of their properties and their relation to other measures are discussed. Furthermore, an example of a uniform distribution of the obtained models is given. Moreover, the softmax function can be used as a discrete probability distribution function with a unity sum. Thus, applying those measures to the softmax function for simulated and real data is demonstrated. Besides, for real data, the softmax data are fit to a convenient ARIMA model.