X-ray study of Hg2Cl2Br2 and HgCl2HgBr2 reactions in solid state

The reactions (I) Hg₂Cl₂(s) + Br₂(g) and (II) HgCl₂(s) + HgBr₂(s) have been investigated by an X-ray method. Both the reactions yield two forms of the mixed halide HgClBr, designated as α-HgClBr and β-HgClBr. The cell parameters of the two are as follows:α-HgClBr: $\text{a = 6.196}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{b = 13.12}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c = 4.37}\text{A}\text{?}$, z = 4, ? = 5.91 g/cm³. The powder pattern and cell parameters are similar to that of HgCl₂. Therefore it is probable that the chlorine atoms, in the linear halogenHghalogen molecules of HgCl₂ structure have been replaced by bromines, and since the radius of the bromine atom is larger than that of chlorine, the lattice is larger in this case.β-HgClBr: $\text{a = 6.78}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{b = 13.175}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c = 4.17}\text{A}\text{?}$, z = 4, ? = 5.40. These parameters are the same as those reported in the literature for β-Hg(ClBr)₂, and its X-ray powder pattern is similar to HgCl₂. Therefore this phase also has linear halogenHghalogen molecules but the distribution of Cl and Br atoms is perhaps random.Heating the products (I) and (II) up to the melting point increases the amount of α phase and decreases the β phase, whereas crystallization increases the β phase. DTA study has supported the X-ray findings.     

Large‐time behaviour and blow up of solutions for Gierer–Meinhardt systems

The purpose of this paper is to give a proof of global existence of solutions for Gierer–Meinhardt systems with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. Our technique is based on Lyapunov functional argument that yields the uniform boundedness of solutions. The asymptotic behaviour of the solutions under suitable conditions is also studied. Moreover, under reasonable conditions on the exponents of the nonlinear term, we show the blow up in finite time of the solutions for the considered system. These results are valid for any positive initial data in , without any differentiability conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the Poincaré and Gauge Symmetry of a Model where Vector and Axial Vector Interaction get Mixed up with Different Weight

A (1+1) dimensional model where vector and axial vector interaction get mixed up with different weight is considered with a generalized masslike term for gauge field. Through Poincaré algebra it has been made confirm that only a Lorentz covariant masslike term leads to a physically sensible theory as long as the number of constraints in the phase space is two. With that admissible masslike term, phase space structure of this model with proper identification of physical canonical pair has been determined using Diracs’ scheme of quantization of constrained system. The bosonized version of the model remains gauge non-invariant to start with. Therefore, with the inclusion of appropriate Wess-Zumino term it is made gauge symmetric. An alternative quantization has been carried out over this gauge symmetric version to determine the phase space structure in this situation. To establish that the Wess-Zumino fields allocates themselves in the un-physical sector of the theory an attempts has been made to get back the usual theory from the gauge symmetric theory of the extended phase-space without hampering any physical principle. It has been found that the role of gauge fixing is crucial for this transmutation.     

Synthesis,characterisation and antifungal activity of a series of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) complexes with ligands derived from reduced <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>′-<Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>-Phenylenebis(Salicylideneimine)

The synthesis and characterisation by elemental analysis, conductivity, FTIR, UV–Visible, ESR and magnetic measurements are described for a series of complexes of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) with three ligands (H₂L^1–3) derived from reduced N, N′-o-Phenylenebis(salicylideneimine). The complexes formed are identified as neutral species, where the ligands are coordinated through N and O donor atoms. The formulae obtained for the complexes are: [CoL(H₂O)₂] with octahedral geometry and [NiL] with tetrahedral geometry. Their antifungal activity is evaluated towards human pathogenic fungi including yeasts of the Candida genus, some opportunistic moulds belonging to the Aspergillus, Scedosporium genus and some dermatophytes. The cobalt complexes show a significant growth inhibition of yeasts tested and also to fungi of the genus Scedosporium which is of interest because these fungi are usually poorly susceptible to current antifungal including Amphotericin B and Itraconazole, chosen as reference in this study. The activity data show that the metal complexes are more potent than the parent ligand.     

Sol-Gel Synthesized High Entropy Metal Oxides as High-Performance Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Hexanary high-entropy oxides (HEOs) were synthesized through the mechanochemical sol-gel method for electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction (WOR). As-synthesized catalysts were subjected to characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the oxide systems exhibited sharp diffraction peaks in XRD patterns indicating the defined crystal structure. Strong absorption between 400–700 cm⁻¹ in FTIR indicated the formation of metal-oxide bonds in all HEO systems. WOR was investigated via cyclic voltammetry using HEOs as electrode platforms, 1M KOH as the basic medium, and 1M methanol (CH₃OH) as the facilitator. Voltammetric profiles for both equiatomic (EHEOs) and non-equiatomic (NEHEOs) were investigated, and NEHEOs exhibited the maximum current output for WOR. Moreover, methanol addition improved the current profiles, thus leading to the electrode utility in direct methanol fuel cells as a sequential increase in methanol concentration from 1M to 2M enhanced the OER current density from 61.4 to 94.3 mA cm⁻² using NEHEO. The NEHEOs comprising a greater percentage of Al, ([Al_0.35(Mg, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co)_0.65]₃O₄) displayed high WOR catalytic performance with the maximum diffusion coefficient, D° (10.90 cm² s⁻¹) and heterogeneous rate constant, k° (7.98 cm s⁻¹) values. These primary findings from the EC processes for WOR provide the foundation for their applications in high-energy devices. Conclusively, HEOs are proven as novel and efficient catalytic platforms for electrochemical water oxidation.     

Impact of double-diffusivity convection in nanofluids and induced magnetic field on peristaltic pumping of a Carreau fluid in a tapered channel with different waveforms

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In the present article, importance of double-diffusivity convection in nanofluids on peristaltic pumping of Carreau fluid in tapered channel with...     

Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Prepared Recombinant Human Interferon Alpha 2b Isoform

Recombinant human interferon alpha2b (rhIFN-α2b) protein is FDA approved for treatment of many tumors and viral diseases. A rhIFN-α2b isoform has been produced and purified from the refolding reaction using high-resolution anion ion exchange chromatography. This isoform has a proper MW (19 kDa) and high purity and homogeneity. The conservation of native linear and conformational epitopes in this isoform was immunologically confirmed by Western blot and ELISA. Mass spectrometry assessment of its intact mass showed average mass (19,337 Da) equivalent to that of the expressed rhIFN-α2b protein without any chemical modification and without the first methionine. Peptide mapping of rhIFN-α2b through tryptic digestion of reductive/alkylated protein using urea as a denaturing agent gave the best pattern. The rhIFN-α2b had a high specific antiviral activity (2.5?×?10⁸?±?1.1?×?10⁸IU/mg protein). In vivo clearance study of rhIFN-α2b in female SD rats (500 μg/kg, intramuscularly) revealed rapid clearance (elimination half-life 0.54 h with a maximum plasma concentration of 33,792 pg/ml) compared with the commercial rhIFN-α2 (elimination half-life 0.75–0.96 h). In conclusion, the prepared rhIFN-α2b isoform has high purity, homogeneity, native like chemical and structural composition, high antiviral activity, and proper biological stability, which reduce its immunogenicity and raise its therapeutic efficiency.

     

On the Gauge and BRST Invariance of the Chiral QED with Faddeevian Anomaly

Chiral Schwinger model with the Faddeevian anomaly is considered. It is found that imposing a chiral constraint this model can be expressed in terms of chiral boson. The model when expressed in terms of chiral boson remains anomalous and the Gauss law of which gives anomalous Poisson brackets between itself. In spite of that a systematic BRST quantization is possible. The Wess-Zumino term corresponding to this theory appears automatically during the process of quantization. A gauge invariant reformulation of this model is also constructed. Unlike the former one gauge invariance is done here without any extension of phase space. This gauge invariant version maps onto the vector Schwinger model. The gauge invariant version of the chiral Schwinger model for a=2 has a massive field with identical mass however gauge invariant version obtained here does not map on to that.     

Untargeted Phytochemical Profile,Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Cultivated and Wild Lupin Seeds from Tunisia

Lupin seeds can represent a valuable source of phenolics and other antioxidant compounds. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical profile was performed on seeds from three Lupinus species, including one cultivar (Lupinus albus) and two wild accessions (Lupinus cossentinii and Lupinus luteus), collected from the northern region of Tunisia. Untargeted metabolomic profiling allowed to identify 249 compounds, with a great abundance of phenolics and alkaloids. In this regard, the species L. cossentinii showed the highest phenolic content, being 6.54 mg/g DW, followed by L. luteus (1.60 mg/g DW) and L. albus (1.14 mg/g DW). The in vitro antioxidant capacity measured by the ABTS assay on seed extracts ranged from 4.67 to 17.58 mg trolox equivalents (TE)/g, recording the highest values for L. albus and the lowest for L. luteus. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.39 to 3.50 mg TE/g. FRAP values varied between 4.11 and 5.75 mg TE/g. CUPRAC values for lupin seeds ranged from 7.20 to 8.95 mg TE/g, recording the highest for L. cossentinii. The results of phosphomolybdenum assay and metal chelation showed similarity between the three species of Lupinus. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity was detected in each methanolic extract analyzed with similar results. Regarding the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme, it was weakly inhibited by the Lupinus extracts; in particular, the highest activity values were recorded for L. albus (1.74 mg GALAE/g). Overall, our results showed that L. cossentinii was the most abundant source of polyphenols, consisting mainly in tyrosol equivalents (5.82 mg/g DW). Finally, significant correlations were outlined between the phenolic compounds and the in vitro biological activity measured, particularly when considering flavones, phenolic acids and lower-molecular-weight phenolics.