Average inelasticity and average Q2 in deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleon interactions

We show that under the assumptions of scaling and the Callan-Gross relation, the average inelasticity of neutrino as well as antineutrino scattering from an isoscalar nucleon target is completely determined by the ratio of the total cross sections for these reactions. Bounds are obtained on the average (momentum-transfer)² in terms of this ratio. Constraints applicable to scattering from proton or neutron targets are derived.     

Coherent production of photons by neutrinos

The reaction ν+N→ν+N+γ, involving the coherent emission of a photon in a neutrino-nucleus collision, can produce “single shower” events that simulate the reaction ν+e→ν+e. The ratio of coherent photons to electrons (for an ²⁷Al target) is estimated to be 40% at E_ν=20GeV and 10% at E_ν=20 GeV. We examine the extent to which the “excess” of showers seen in the Aachen-Padova experiment could be understood by this mechanism.     

Efficient Transformation of Furfuryl Alcohol Into Ethyl Levulinates via Alcoholysis Reaction Catalyzed by SnO2/H-Mordenite Catalyst

Catalysis Surveys from Asia - Catalytic production of ethyl levulinate by alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol with ethanol was investigated over H-mordenite supported Sn catalyst under atmospheric N2...     

Interfacial and aggregation properties of the binary mixture of decanoyl-N-methyl-glucamide and hexadecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide

The interfacial and aggregation behavior of the nonionic surfactant decanoyl-N-methyl-glucamide (Mega-10) with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (HTPB) have been studied using interfacial tension measurements and fluorescence techniques. From interfacial tension measurements, the critical micellar concentrations (cmc) and various interfacial thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. The experimental results were analyzed in the context of the pseudophase separation model, the regular solution theory, and the Maeda’s approach. These approaches allowed us to determine the interaction parameter and composition in the mixed state. By using the static quenching method, the mean micellar aggregation numbers of pure and mixed micelles of HTPB+Mega-10 were obtained. It was found that that the aggregation number decreases with increasing mole fraction of HTPB. This behavior is attributed to the presence of the bulky head group of HTPB, which creates steric head group incompatibility and/or electrostatic repulsion. The micropolarity of the micelle was monitored with pyrene fluorescence intensity ratio. It was observed that the increasing participation of HTPB induces the formation of micelles with a hydrated structure. The polarization of the fluorescent probe Rhodamine B was monitored in micellar medium and found to increase with the increase of ionic content. This behavior suggests the formation of mixed micelles with a more ordered or rigid structure.     

Polymer approach to supported silica membranes

Polymeric silica sols were used to prepare membranes on commercial -Al₂O₃ supports with nominal support pore diameters of 4.0 nm. Aging of the silica sols was shown to be effective to form discrete membrane layers. He/N₂ selectivity factors exceeding ideal Knudsen values were observed when the sols were prepared under conditions in which the condensation rate was minimized. We propose that the average pore size of the membrane depends on the balance of capillary pressure and modulus during membrane deposition. The condensation rate might influence the breadth of the pore size distribution.     

Alpha-Lactalbumin is unfolded by all classes of surfactants but by different mechanisms

We show that all four classes of surfactants (anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic) denature alpha-lactalbumin (alphaLA), making alphaLA an excellent model system to compare their denaturation mechanisms. This involves at least two steps in all surfactants but is more complex in charged surfactants due to their strong binding properties. At very low concentrations, charged surfactants bind specifically as monomers, but the first denaturation process only sets in when 4-10 surfactant molecules are bound to form clusters on the protein surface and is followed by a second loss of structure as 20-25 surfactant molecules are bound. Sub-micellar interactions can be modeled as simple independent binding at multiple sites which does not achieve saturation before micelle formation sets in. In contrast, no specific sub-micellar surfactant binding is detected by calorimetry in the presence of zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants, and denaturation only occurs around the cmc. Unfolding rates are very rapid in charged surfactants and reach a similar plateau level around the cmc, indicating that monomers and micelles operate on a mutually exclusive basis. In contrast, unfolding occurs slowly in zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants and the rate increases with the cmc, suggesting that monomers cooperate with micelles in denaturation.