Scientifically Formulated Avocado Fruit Juice: Phytochemical Analysis,Assessment of Its Antioxidant Potential and Consumer Perception

The study’s purpose was to find and create a nourishing fruit juice made from avocado to suit nutritional and health demands. In this regard, the avocado juice was formulated using a statistical technique, and its biochemical and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated. Statistically formulated fruit juice was evaluated for its sensory characteristics, proximate composition, nutrients and vitamins, total phenols and flavonoids, and for its antioxidant ability, in addition to a shelf-life test. The optimal amount of all ingredients included in the mathematical model for the preparation of the juice was 150 g of Persea americana (Avocado) fruit pulp, 12.5 g of honey and 100 mL of water. In fact, the composition of avocado juice was found to have higher phenolic (910.36 ± 0.215 mg EAG g⁻¹/mL) and flavonoid (56.32 ± 1.26 mg QE g⁻¹/ mL) amounts. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant assays tended to be high compared with a standard. The shelf-life analysis indicated that the processed avocado juice (V7) had a long shelf life. In view of all these merits, a statistically formulated recipe for avocado fruit juice was recommended for the formulation of the most preferred health drink.     

Utility of Bioluminescent Homogeneous Nucleotide Detection Assays in Measuring Activities of Nucleotide-Sugar Dependent Glycosyltransferases and Studying Their Inhibitors

Traditional glycosyltransferase (GT) activity assays are not easily configured for rapid detection nor for high throughput screening because they rely on radioactive product isolation, the use of heterogeneous immunoassays or mass spectrometry. In a typical glycosyltransferase biochemical reaction, two products are generated, a glycosylated product and a nucleotide released from the sugar donor substrate. Therefore, an assay that detects the nucleotide could be universal to monitor the activity of diverse glycosyltransferases in vitro. Here we describe three homogeneous and bioluminescent glycosyltransferase activity assays based on UDP, GDP, CMP, and UMP detection. Each of these assays are performed in a one-step detection that relies on converting the nucleotide product to ATP, then to bioluminescence using firefly luciferase. These assays are highly sensitive, robust and resistant to chemical interference. Various applications of these assays are presented, including studies on the specificity of sugar transfer by diverse GTs and the characterization of acceptor substrate-dependent and independent nucleotide-sugar hydrolysis. Furthermore, their utility in screening for specific GT inhibitors and the study of their mode of action are described. We believe that the broad utility of these nucleotide assays will enable the investigation of a large number of GTs and may have a significant impact on diverse areas of Glycobiology research.     

Dipolar 1,3‐cycloaddition of arylnitriloxides on 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines in a two‐phase medium

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of arylnitriloxides on 1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline derivatives led to new 3‐aryl, 3a‐8,9,9a‐tetrahydro[5,4‐c]‐isoxazoloisoquinoline adducts. The regioselectivity of the cycloaddition reactions is discussed on the basis of ¹H and ¹³C NMR data.     

The Finite Horizon Optimal Multi-Modes Switching Problem: The Viscosity Solution Approach

In this paper we show existence and uniqueness of a solution for a system of m variational partial differential inequalities with inter-connected obstacles. This system is the deterministic version of the Verification Theorem of the Markovian optimal m-states switching problem. The switching cost functions are arbitrary. This problem is in relation with the valuation of firms in a financial market.     

Application of Calcium Alginate–Starch Entrapped Bitter Gourd (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Momordica charantia</Emphasis>) Peroxidase for the Removal of Colored Compounds from a Textile Effluent in Batch as well as in Continuous Reactor

Calcium alginate–starch entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase has been employed for the treatment of a textile industrial effluent in batch as well as in continuous reactor. The textile effluent was recalcitrant to decolorization by bitter gourd peroxidase; thus, its decolorization was examined in the presence of a redox mediator, 1.0 mM 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Immobilized enzyme exhibited same pH and temperature optima for effluent decolorization as attained by soluble enzyme. Immobilized enzyme could effectively remove more than 70% of effluent color in a stirred batch process after 3 h of incubation. Entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase retained 59% effluent decolorization reusability even after its tenth repeated use. The two-reactor system containing calcium alginate–starch entrapped enzyme retained more than 50% textile effluent decolorization efficiency even after 2 months of its operation. The absorption spectra of the treated effluent exhibited a marked difference in the absorption at various wavelengths as compared to untreated effluent. The use of a two-reactor system containing immobilized enzyme and an adsorbent will be significantly successful for treating industrial effluents at large scale, and it will help in getting water free from aromatic pollutants.     

Streptidinium sulfate monohydrate

In streptidinium sulfate monohydrate {systematic name: 1,1′‐[(1S,3R,4S,6R)‐2,4,5,6‐tetrahydroxycyclohexane‐1,3‐diyl]diguanidinium sulfate monohydrate}, C₈H₂₀N₆O₄²⁺·SO₄²⁻·H₂O, at 100 (2) K, the components are arranged in double helices based on hydrogen bonds. One helix contains streptidinium cations and the other contains disordered sulfate anions and solvent water molecules. The helices are linked into a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded network by O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds.     

Small polaron hopping conduction mechanism in Fe doped LaMnO3

The structural and electrical transport properties of LaMn(1-x)Fe(x)O(3) (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) bulk samples have been investigated. The powder x-ray diffraction patterns at room temperature show that all samples are formed in single phase. The temperature dependent resistivity data have been fitted with the Mott's variable-range hopping (VRH) model for an entire studied range of the temperature (77-300 K) to calculate the hopping distance (R(h)) and the density of states at Fermi level (N(E(F))). It is found that all parameters vary systematically with the increase in Fe concentration. Moreover, the resistivity data were also fitted in the small polaron hopping (SPH) model. The non-adiabatic SPH conduction mechanism is followed by all samples. This type conduction mechanism is far accompanied by subtle electronically induced structural changes involving in Fe-O-Fe and Fe-O-Mn bond angles and bond lengths. Thus we suggest that the transport properties can be explained according to the additional localization of charge carriers induced by Fe doping.     

Well-posedness and stability of nonautonomous past systems with unbounded operators in the delay term

Semigroup Forum - We define a semigroup S to be right ideal Howson if the intersection of any two finitely generated right ideals, or, equivalently, any two principal right ideals, is again...     

Synthesis,Characterisation and Electrical Properties of Supramolecular DNA‐Templated Polymer Nanowires of 2,5‐(Bis‐2‐thienyl)‐pyrrole

Supramolecular polymer nanowires have been prepared by using DNA‐templating of 2,5‐(bis‐2‐thienyl)‐pyrrole (TPT) by oxidation with FeCl₃ in a mixed aqueous/organic solvent system. Despite the reduced capacity for strong hydrogen bonding in polyTPT compared to other systems, such as polypyrrole, the templating proceeds well. FTIR spectroscopic studies confirm that the resulting material is not a simple mixture and that the two types of polymer interact. This is indicated by shifts in bands associated with both the phosphodiester backbone and the nucleobases. XPS studies further confirm the presence of DNA and TPT, as well as dopant Cl^? ions. Molecular dynamics simulations on a [{dA₂₄:dT₂₄}/{TPT}₄] model support these findings and indicate a non‐coplanar conformation for oligoTPT over much of the trajectory. AFM studies show that the resulting nanowires typically lie in the 7–8 nm diameter range and exhibit a smooth, continuous, morphology. Studies on the electrical properties of the prepared nanowires by using a combination of scanned conductance microscopy, conductive AFM and variable temperature two‐terminal I–V measurements show, that in contrast to similar DNA/polymer systems, the conductivity is markedly reduced compared to bulk material. The temperature dependence of the conductivity shows a simple Arrhenius behaviour consistent with the hopping models developed for redox polymers.