全文获取类型
收费全文 | 478357篇 |
免费 | 4621篇 |
国内免费 | 1343篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 248086篇 |
晶体学 | 7838篇 |
力学 | 21627篇 |
综合类 | 16篇 |
数学 | 54566篇 |
物理学 | 152188篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4116篇 |
2020年 | 4539篇 |
2019年 | 5098篇 |
2018年 | 6675篇 |
2017年 | 6923篇 |
2016年 | 9785篇 |
2015年 | 5712篇 |
2014年 | 9445篇 |
2013年 | 22452篇 |
2012年 | 17007篇 |
2011年 | 20440篇 |
2010年 | 14900篇 |
2009年 | 14819篇 |
2008年 | 18271篇 |
2007年 | 18122篇 |
2006年 | 16868篇 |
2005年 | 14858篇 |
2004年 | 13769篇 |
2003年 | 12318篇 |
2002年 | 12132篇 |
2001年 | 14433篇 |
2000年 | 10860篇 |
1999年 | 8398篇 |
1998年 | 6944篇 |
1997年 | 6772篇 |
1996年 | 6394篇 |
1995年 | 5715篇 |
1994年 | 5560篇 |
1993年 | 5284篇 |
1992年 | 6193篇 |
1991年 | 6312篇 |
1990年 | 6054篇 |
1989年 | 6043篇 |
1988年 | 5800篇 |
1987年 | 5916篇 |
1986年 | 5570篇 |
1985年 | 7129篇 |
1984年 | 7187篇 |
1983年 | 5854篇 |
1982年 | 6051篇 |
1981年 | 5865篇 |
1980年 | 5575篇 |
1979年 | 6113篇 |
1978年 | 6151篇 |
1977年 | 6247篇 |
1976年 | 6088篇 |
1975年 | 5665篇 |
1974年 | 5539篇 |
1973年 | 5581篇 |
1972年 | 3933篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
901.
902.
For any two points p and q in the Euclidean plane, define LUNpq = { v | v ∈ R2, dpv < dpq and dqv < dpq}, where duv is the Euclidean distance between two points u and v . Given a set of points V in the plane, let LUNpq(V) = V ∩ LUNpq. Toussaint defined the relative neighborhood graph of V, denoted by RNG(V) or simply RNG, to be the undirected graph with vertices V such that for each pair p,q ∈ V, (p,q) is an edge of RNG(V) if and only if LUNpq (V) = ?. The relative neighborhood graph has several applications in pattern recognition that have been studied by Toussaint. We shall generalize the idea of RNG to define the k-relative neighborhood graph of V, denoted by kRNG(V) or simply kRNG, to be the undirected graph with vertices V such that for each pair p,q ∈ V, (p,q) is an edge of kRNG(V) if and only if | LUNpq(V) | < k, for some fixed positive number k. It can be shown that the number of edges of a kRNG is less than O(kn). Also, a kRNG can be constructed in O(kn2) time. Let Ec = {epq| p ∈ V and q ∈ V}. Then Gc = (V,Ec) is a complete graph. For any subset F of Ec, define the maximum distance of F as maxepq∈Fdpq. A Euclidean bottleneck Hamiltonian cycle is a Hamiltonian cycle in graph Gc whose maximum distance is the minimum among all Hamiltonian cycles in graph Gc. We shall prove that there exists a Euclidean bottleneck Hamiltonian cycle which is a subgraph of 20RNG(V). Hence, 20RNGs are Hamiltonian. 相似文献
903.
The existence of a Nash equilibrium in the undiscounted repeated two-person game of incomplete information on one side is
established. The proof depends on a new topological result resembling in some respect the Borsuk-Ulam theorem. 相似文献
904.
This paper deals with the study of the MHD flow of non-Newtonian fluid on a porous plate. Two exact solutions for non-torsionally generated unsteady hydromagnetic flow of an electrically conducting second order incompressible fluid bounded by an infinite non-conducting porous plate subjected to a uniform suction or blowing have been analyzed. The governing partial differential equation for the flow has been established. The mathematical analysis is presented for the hydromagnetic boundary layer flow neglecting the induced magnetic field. The effect of presence of the material constants of the second order fluid on the velocity field is discussed. 相似文献
905.
Yu. K. Dem’yanovich 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2007,144(6):4548-4567
On a sequence of embedded nonuniform grids, chains of embedded spaces of minimal splines (not necessarily polynomial) are
constructed. The wavelet decomposition is given. The basis wavelets are compactly supported and admit simple analytic representation.
The corresponding decomposition and reconstruction formulas are derived. The variety of spaces under consideration is identified
with the variety of complete sequences of points of the direct product of an interval and a projective plane. Bibliography:
20 titles.
__________
Translated from Problemy Matematicheskogo Analiza, No. 35, 2007, pp. 15–31 相似文献
906.
S. A. Kirillov A. Morresi M. Paolantoni P. Sassi 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2007,20(8):568-573
The most obvious consequence of the concept of aromaticity is the common confidence that in aromatic compounds, bond lengths do not alternate and are between typical to the single and double ones. However, in 1994, performing crystal structure investigations of substituted pyridines and their salts, Krygowski and co‐workers have discovered a very surprising angular group induced bond alteration (AGIBA) effect: It appears that some angular substituents, like methoxy or nitrozo groups, can induce bond alternation in aromatic rings. Crystal studies do not allow one to operate with liquids that are more common in organic chemistry. This paper presents the first possible evidence of spectroscopic manifestations of the AGIBA effect. Raman spectra of the liquid toluene are analyzed. It is found that instead of being single, the line corresponding to the ring breathing vibrations is clearly split by 1.0–1.4 cm?1, thus indicating the presence of two (cis‐ and trans‐) AGIBA isomers. The energy difference between these isomers estimated in temperature dependent Raman studies is found equal to 6.68 kJ mol?1. The low‐wavenumber line therefore corresponds to the cis‐AGIBA isomer and the high‐wavenumber line to the trans‐AGIBA isomer stabilized by the AGIBA effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
907.
A. S. Parshin G. A. Aleksandrova S. N. Varnakov S. A. Kushchenkov S. G. Ovchinnikov 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2007,1(4):462-465
The results of studying Fe/Si and Si/Fe layered structures with different thicknesses of the top layer by reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy are presented. A new method is proposed for the estimation of volume fractions of components in binary systems within the framework of the effective dielectric medium model. 相似文献
908.
P. V. Ivannikov N. S. Chekalin P. A. Miroshnikov G. V. Saparin A. A. Altukhov A. V. Shustrov 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2007,1(4):386-393
Surfaces of natural type-IIa diamond plates used in ionizing-radiation detectors are studied in a scanning electron microscope using techniques of electron-beam-induced conductivity at different bias voltages and real-color cathodoluminescence. 相似文献
909.
The article concerns heterojunction resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE) Schottky photodiodes with GaAs in the absorption layer. The quantum efficiency and linear pulse response have thoroughly been analysed. For the first time, the response of a heterojunction photodiode has been modelled by the phenomenological model for a two-valley semiconductor. The results obtained have shown that the satellite valleys, as well as the parasitic time constant, significantly influence the response and, accordingly, have to be taken into account when analysing and optimizing RCE photodetectors. 相似文献
910.
A method of nonaqueous capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been developed to characterize block (co)polymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(styrene) containing metallo bis(terpyridine) complexes as bridging units. Specific CZE separation conditions had to be applied, with barium perchlorate dissolved in N-methylformamide (NMF) as background electrolyte and OV-1701-OH deactivated capillaries. For detection UV absorption was measured at a wavelength of 316 nm. Metallo diblock polymers with molecular weights up to 30,000 Da could be analyzed by the proposed nonaqueous CZE method. Experiments performed with polymeric compounds containing Fe, Ni or Ru as central metal ions showed that their electrophoretic mobilities were independent of the type of metal ion. Therefore, the data on the size of the polymeric compounds could be obtained using just one set of calibration standards. Polydispersities of the samples calculated from the experimental results were in correlation with the polydispersities of the polymers used in the synthesis of the metallo diblock polymers. Several polymeric samples contained metallo mono(terpyridine) complexes as impurities. These by-products could be separated from the main product. With symmetrical diblock polymers only one by-product was detected, while with an asymmetric diblock polymer two types of mono-complexes were found. The amount of the mono-complexes present as impurities was dependent on the type of central metal ion (Ni > Fe >> Ru). 相似文献