Estimation of the lead–lag parameter between two stochastic processes driven by fractional Brownian motions

Statistical Inference for Stochastic Processes - In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the lead–lag parameter between two stochastic processes driven by fractional Brownian...     

Properties of hadron and quark matter studied with molecular dynamics

We study the hadron-quark phase transition in a molecular dynamics (MD) of quark degrees of freedom. The hadron state at low density and temperature, and the deconfined quark state at high density and temperature are observed in our model. We investigate the equations of state and draw the phase diagram at wide baryon density and temperature range. We also discuss the transport property, e.g. viscosity, of $q\bar q$ matter. It is found that the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density is less than one for quark matter.     

4-(Pyrrolidinyl)methoxybenzoic acid derivatives as a potent, orally active VLA-4 antagonist

A novel series of benzoic acid derivatives as VLA-4 antagonists were synthesized. Optimization, focusing on activity and lipophilicity needed for cell permeability, resulted in the identification of 15b and 15e with good activity (IC50 = 1.6 nM each) and moderate lipophilicity (Log D = 2.0, 1.8). Furthermore, 15e demonstrated efficacy in murine asthma model by an oral dose of 30 mg/kg.     

Hydrogen bond formations between pyrazine and formic acid and between pyrazine and trichloroacetic acid

The hydrogen bond formations between pyrazine and formic acids and between pyrazine and trichloroacetic acids were studied through observation of the Raman and infrared spectra for mixture of pyrazine and formic acid and also mixture of pyrazine and trichloroacetic acid at 77 K. It was observed that the mutual exclusion principle held for the Raman and infrared spectra of both mixtures, even for the spectra of the samples whose mixing mole ratio of acids was very low. This fact clearly indicates that the hydrogen bonded molecule does not exist in the form of formic acid-pyrazine or trichloroacetic acid-pyrazine whose geometry belongs to the Cs point group, but exists in the form of formic acid-pyrazine-formic acid or trichloroacetic acid-pyrazine-trichloroacetic acid belonging to the C(i) point group.     

Excited states and electronic spectra of annulated dinuclear free-base phthalocyanines: a theoretical study on near-infrared-absorbing dyes

The electronic excited states and electronic absorption spectra of annulated dinuclear free-base phthalocyanine (C(58)H(30)N(16)) are studied through quantum chemical calculations using the symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction (SAC-CI) method. Three tautomers are possible with respect to the position of the pyrrole protons; therefore, the SAC-CI calculations for these tautomers were performed. The structures of the Q-band states are discussed based on the character of their molecular orbitals. The lower energy shift of the Q-bands because of dimerization is explained by the decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gaps resulting from the bonding and antibonding interactions between the monomer units. The electronic dipole moments of the nonsymmetric tautomer were calculated, and the possibility of charge-separated excited states is discussed. The relative energies of these tautomers are examined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations for several peripheral substituents. The relative energies of these tautomers significantly depend on the substituents, and therefore, the abundance ratios of the three tautomers were affected by the substituents. The absorption spectra were simulated from the SAC-CI results weighted by the Boltzmann factors obtained from the DFT calculations. The SAC-CI spectra reproduce the experimental findings well. The thermal-averaged SAC-CI spectra could explain the observed substituent effect on the structure of the Q-bands in terms of the relative stabilities and the abundance ratios of the tautomers. The SAC-CI and time-dependent density functional theory calculations are also compared. The CAM-B3LYP results agreed with the trends of the SAC-CI results; however, the CAM-B3LYP calculation overestimated the excitation energies in comparison with the SAC-CI and experimental results.     

A Flat Spectral Response AWG Demultiplexer Composed of Slabs with Islands and Peninsulas

Phase adjustment elements called islands and peninsulas are introduced to obtain an AWG demultiplexer with a flat spectral response. Use of the peninsulas enables us to achieve a 1dB bandwidth of 0.5 nm.     

Scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy for fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of biomaterials in air and liquid: Observation of recombinantEscherichia coli with gene coding to green fluorescent protein

We have developed a system of scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy (SNOM/AFM) for fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of biomaterials in air and liquid. SNOM/AFM uses a bent optical fiber simultaneously as a dynamic force AFM cantilever and a SNOM probe. Optical resolution of SNOM images shows about 50 nm in an illumination mode for a standard sample of a patterned chromium layer of 20 nm thickness on a quartz glass plate. The SNOM/AFM system contains a photon counting system and polychrometer/ICCD (intensified charge coupled device) system for observation of the fluorescence image and spectrograph of micro areas, respectively. The gene coding to green fluorescence protein (GFP) was cloned in recombinantEscherichia coli (E. coli). Topography, fluorescence image and spectrograph of recombinantE. coli by SNOM/AFM showed a difference in fluorescence in individualE. coli. Fluorescence activity of GFP can thus be used as a convenient indicator of transformation. SNOM/AFM is also applicable to observe immobilizedE. coli on a glass plate in water with a liquid chamber and may allow the viewing of observation of floating organisms.