Heterogeneous continuous flow synthetic system using cyclohexane-based multiphase electrolyte solutions

The discovery that supporting electrolytes can be effectively confined in typical organic solvents in a c-Hex-based multiphase electrolyte solution has led to the development of a novel heterogeneous continuous flow synthetic system. PTFE fiber functions as a separation filter that can efficiently isolate the c-Hex phase from multiphase electrolyte solutions. This system has demonstrated both electrochemical solvating and carbon-carbon bond forming reactions. Hydrophobic substrates can be introduced into the reactor as c-Hex solutions, which are then electrochemically transformed into the target hydrophobic products that pass through the PTFE fiber as c-Hex solutions.     

Morphological studies of a hydrogen-bonded LC polymer obtained by photopolymerization in LC solvents

Anisotropic morphologies and the phase behaviour of a hydrogen-bonded LC polymer obtained by photopolymerization in two kinds of LC solvent are discussed. The hydrogen-bonded LC monomer, 4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid (A6OBA), was photopolymerized in 4-cyano-4′-hexyloxybiphenyl (6OCB) and in 4-cyano-4′-undecyloxybiphenyl (11OCB), which show a nematic phase and a smectic A phase, respectively. After photo-polymerization, the LC media were removed by extraction and the pure polymer was observed by scanning electron microscopy. SEM images showed that the polymer possessed fibrous morphology with a fibre diameter of a few micrometers, based on polymerization-induced phase separation. The overall geometries reflected typical LC characteristics such as schlieren and focal-conic fan textures. It was found that the hydrogen bond between benzoic acid groups in the monomer was rigid enough to fix the anisotropic phase-separated structure forming during the early stage of phase separation; however, it could not permanently maintain the fibre structure due to dissociation at elevated temperature. X-ray measurements revealed that a well developed layer structure of the hydrogen-bonded mesogen existed in the polymer obtained from the smectic phase of 11OCB, whereas a polymer layer structure could develop only partially from the nematic phase of 6OCB.     

Amide-Directed C−H Sodiation by a Sodium Hydride/Iodide Composite

A new protocol for amide-directed ortho and lateral C−H sodiation is enabled by sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of either sodium iodide (NaI) or lithium iodide (LiI). The transient organosodium intermediates could be transformed into functionalized aromatic compounds.     

An intense terahertz radiation source at the Compact ERL

The Compact ERL is an energy recovery LINAC (ERL) test facility that is planned for KEK. The circumference of the recirculation path will be 70 m. Initially, the beam energy will be about 65 MeV and the current about 10 mA. Although the primary purpose of the machine is to aid the development of the key technologies that are essential for building an ultra-brilliant new synchrotron light source based on an ERL, the Compact ERL itself has great potential as an intense source of terahertz radiation. To generate the intense terahertz radiation, an electron bunch of a very short bunch length is required and bunch compression is inevitable. We discuss the parameters of the Compact ERL, present the results of a simulation of bunch compression, and make an estimate of the generated coherent synchrotron radiation.     

Direct probe of the bent and linear geometries of the core-excited Renner-Teller pair states by means of the triple-ion-coincidence momentum imaging technique

The doubly degenerate core-excited Pi state of CO2 splits into two due to static Renner-Teller effect. Using the triple-ion-coincidence momentum imaging technique and focusing on the dependence of the measured quantities on the polarization of the incident light, we have probed, directly and separately, the linear and bent geometries for the B1 and A1 Renner-Teller pair states, as a direct proof of the static Renner-Teller effect.     

Ultrasonic butt welding of aluminum,aluminum alloy and stainless steel plate specimens

Welding characteristics of aluminum, aluminum alloy and stainless steel plate specimens of 6.0 mm thickness by a 15 kHz ultrasonic butt welding system were studied. There are no detailed welding condition data of these specimens although the joining of these materials are required due to anticorrosive and high strength characteristics for not only large specimens but small electronic parts especially. These specimens of 6.0 mm thickness were welded end to end using a 15 kHz ultrasonic butt welding equipment with a vibration source using eight bolt-clamped Langevin type PZT transducers and a 50 kW static induction thyristor power amplifier. The stainless steel plate specimens electrolytically polished were joined with welding strength almost equal to the material strength under rather large vibration amplitude of 25 microm (peak-to-zero value), static pressure 70 MPa and welding time of 1.0-3.0 s. The hardness of stainless steel specimen adjacent to a welding surface increased about 20% by ultrasonic vibration.     

Variational principle for gravitational equations of the Bianchi identity type

It is shown that a square invariant of the Weyl conformal curvature tensor can lead to a Lagrangian in a variational principle for a gravitational equation in vacuum of the Bianchi identity type which is compatible with the Einstein equation. Moreover we show that such a Lagrangian implicitly includes a conformally invariant theory characterized by two gauge fields and the metric tensor.     

Synthesis and reactivity of β-cyclodextrin-histamine as enzyme model

Cyclodextrin (CD) has a hydrophobic cavity which acts like a binding site of an actual enzyme. But enzymatic turnover reaction did not occur in CD-catalyzed reactions. -CD was modified by a histamine group to attach a reactive functional group. -CD-histamine accelerates the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate. Catalytic rate constant of this reaction is close to an actual enzyme, -chymotrypsin. Enzymatic turnover reaction is realized with this compound at around neutral pH value.