Alcohols as Fluoroalkyl Synthons: Ni-catalyzed Dehydrogenative Approach to Access Polyfluoroalkyl Bis-indoles

An acceptorless dehydrogenative strategy for the synthesis of polyfluoroalkylated bis-indoles is described by employing an earth-abundant nickel-based catalytic system under air. The notable feature of the present transformation is the use of bench stable and easily affordable polyfluorinated alcohols without any pre-functionalization for the introduction of precious polyfluoroalkyl groups. The developed straightforward protocol accomplished biologically relevant fluoroalkyl bis-indoles in a sustainable fashion. Extensive DFT study predicts the unique role of indole molecules which stabilizes the transition states during the dehydrogenation process of polyfluorinated alcohols, presumably through non-covalent π⋅⋅⋅π and H-bonding interactions.     

The Skew Normal multivariate risk measurement framework

Computational Management Science - In this paper, we consider a random vector $$X=left( X_1,X_2right) $$ following a multivariate Skew Normal distribution and we provide an explicit formula for...     

An alternative route to tethered Ru(II) transfer hydrogenation catalysts

A new route towards a series of tethered η⁶-arene/Ru(II) catalysts for use in the transfer and pressure hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes to alcohols is reported. The route proceeds through the formation of an amide from the diamine precursor, followed by reduction, rather than the direct alkylation of the diamine. This has the advantage that dialkylation of the amine is avoided during the synthesis. Through this new route, both racemic and enantiomerically-pure η⁶-arene/Ru(II) tethered catalysts can be prepared in high yield.     

An AFM Dynamic Contact Model with Finite Thickness Correction to Study Micro-Rheology of Biological Cells

Experimental Techniques - One of the major sources of error in Atomic Force Microscopy based Force Spectroscopic studies is bottom substrate effect, which comes due to assumption of infinite sample...     

Novel perturbation expansion for the Langevin equation

We discuss the randomly driven systemdx/dt= -W(x) +f(t), wheref(t) is a Gaussian random function or stirring force withf(t)f(t)=2(t–t), andW(x) is of the formgx ¹⁺². The parameter is a measure of the nonlinearity of the equation. We show how to obtain the correlation functionsx(t)f(t)···x(t( n)) _f as a power series in. We obtain three terms in the expansion and show how to use Padé approximants to analytically continue the answer in the variable. By using scaling relations, we show how to get a uniform approximation to the equal-time correlation functions valid for allg and.     

Distribution of Shower Particles as Obtained in the Analysis of a 10 + 13p Shower Event

We present here the analysis of an accelerator produced 10 + 13p shower event observed in nuclear emulsion. The DULLER -WALKER method is applied to obtain the distribution of secondary shower particles, and the particles having the closest log₁₀ tan θ_L values are taken to form a cluster. This cluster formation is also confirmed by the target diagram method. If this cluster is conceived to be a high spin resonance and the secondary pions to be the decay products of this resonance, then the azimuthal integral distribution curve fits fairly well with our experimental data.     

Two storage inventory model with fuzzy deterioration over a random planning horizon

An inventory model for a deteriorating item with stock dependent demand is developed under two storage facilities over a random planning horizon, which is assumed to follow exponential distribution with known parameter. For crisp deterioration rate, the expected profit is derived and maximized via genetic algorithm (GA). On the other hand, when deterioration rate is imprecise then optimistic/pessimistic equivalent of fuzzy objective function is obtained using possibility/necessity measure of fuzzy event. Fuzzy simulation process is proposed to maximize the optimistic/pessimistic return and finally fuzzy simulation-based GA is developed to solve the model. The models are illustrated with some numerical data. Sensitivity analyses on expected profit function with respect to distribution parameter λ and confidence levels α₁ and α₂ are also presented.     

Observation of the exchange spring behavior in hard-soft-ferrite nanocomposite

Nanocomposite of hard (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) and soft ferrite (Ni_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄) are prepared by the mixing of the individual ferrite components at appropriate ratio and subsequent heat treatment. Initially the microstructure of the individual phases is controlled by suitable processing. We have observed the exchange spring behavior in the soft-hard ferrite composite for the first time by tailoring the particle size of the individual phases and by suitable thermal treatment of the composite. It is found that the exchange interaction dominates over the dipolar interaction for smaller particle sizes of the soft ferrite. The magnetization of the composite showed hysteresis loop that is characteristic of the exchange spring system. This gives experimental proof for some theoretical modeling as well as paves way for developing magnet with higher (BH)_max product based on ferrites.     

Capacity augmentation of a supply chain for a short lifecycle product: A system dynamics framework

For an innovative product characterized by short product lifecycle and high demand uncertainty, investment in capacity buildup has to be done cautiously. Otherwise either the product’s market diffusion is impeded or the manufacturer is left with unutilized capacity. Using the right information for making capacity augmentation decisions is critical in facing this challenge. In this paper, we propose a method for identifying critical information flows using the system dynamics model of a two-echelon supply chain. The fundamental premise of system dynamics methodology is that (system) structure determines (its) behavior. Using loop dominance analysis method we study the feedback loop structure of the supply chain system. The outcome is a set of dominant loops that determine the dynamics of capacity growth. It is revealed that the delivery delay information has little effect while the loop that connects retail sales with production order affects the dynamics significantly. Modifying this loop yields appropriate capacity augmentation decisions resulting in higher performance. What-if analyses bring out effects of modifying other structural elements. In conclusion, we claim that the information feedback based methodology is general enough to be useful in designing decision support systems for capacity augmentation. The limitations of the model are also discussed and possible extensions identified.