Orthomodular Lattices and Quantales

Let L be a complete orthomodular lattice. There is a one to one correspondence between complete Boolean subalgebras of L contained in the center of L and endomorphisms j of L satisfying the Borceux–van den Bossche conditions. This article is dedicated to Raquel Hernández. SUBJCLASS: 0210.Ab, 0210.De, 03.65.-ca     

Microcanonical ensemble study of a gas column under gravity

The study of a classical ideal gas column of finite height H in a uniform gravitational field g is made by the microcanonical ensemble at energy E. The primary functions of this ensemble, the phase volume and the density of states, are derived. Related statistical quantities, such as the entropy, the temperature and the heat capacity, are also reported. The equivalence in the thermodynamic limit between the calculated microcanonical expressions and those obtained from the canonical ensemble is shown numerically. The expression for the temperature is used to analyze the temperature change when the gas is permitted to expand into an evacuated region increasing the height of the column from H ₁ to H ₂. The microcanonical single-particle momentum and height distributions are also reported.     

Intermediate 16+16 multiplets inN=1 supergravity

Using the formalism developed by Ogievetsky and Sokatchev forN=1 Supergravity, we analyse the intermediate 16+16 sets (with one auxiliary spinor).     

Generating vector solitary waves of Bose-Einstein Condensates in optical lattices

We describe the process of formation of vector solitary waves in Bose-Einstein Condensates located in optical lattices. The two components of the vector correspond to the envelope of the condensate mean field wavefunction in the Wannier basis of the first and second bands.     

An internal language for autonomous categories

We present an internal language for symmetric monoidal closed (autonomous) categories analogous to the typed lambda calculus as an internal language for cartesian closed categories. The language we propose is the term assignment to the multiplicative fragment of Intuitionistic Linear Logic, which possesses exactly the right structure for an autonomous theory. We prove that this language is an internal language and show as an application the coherence theorem of Kelly and Mac Lane, which becomes straightforward to state and prove. Finally, we extend the language with the natural numbers and show that this corresponds to a weak Natural Numbers Object in an autonomous category.     

Stepwise hapticity changes in sequential one-electron redox reactions of indenyl-molybdenum complexes: combined electrochemical, ESR, X-ray, and theoretical studies.

Reduction of the dication [(eta5-Ind)(Cp)Mo[P(OMe)3]2]2+ (1(2+)) and oxidation of the neutral complex (eta3-Ind)(Cp)Mo[P(OMe)3]2 (1) proceed through a one-electron intermediate, 1+. The structures of 1(2+) and 1 have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies, which show the slip-fold distortion angle, Omega, of the indenyl ring increasing from 4.1 degrees in 1(2+) to 21.7 degrees in 1. Cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis were employed to define the thermodynamics and heterogeneous charge-transfer kinetics of reactions 1(2+) + e(-) <==> 1+ and 1+ + e(-) <==> 1: DeltaE1/2 = 113 mV in CH3CN and 219 mV in CH2Cl2/0.1 M [NBu4][PF6]; k(s) = 0.4 cm x s(-1) for 1(2+)/1+ couple, 1.0 cm x s(-1) for 1+/1 couple in CH3CN. ESR spectra of 1+ displayed a surprisingly large hyperfine splitting (7.4 x 10(-4) x cm(-1)) from a single 1H nucleus, and spectra of the partially deuterated indenyl analogue confirmed assignment of a(H) to the H2 proton of the indenyl ring. The related eta5 18-electron complexes [(eta5-Ind)(Cp)Mo(dppe)]2+ (2(2+)) (dppe = diphenylphosphinoethane) and (eta5-Ind)(Cp)Mo(CN)2 (3) may also be reduced in two successive one-electron steps; ESR spectra of the radicals 2+ and 3- showed a similarly large a(H2) (8.7 x 10(-4) and 6.4 x 10(-4) x cm(-1), respectively). Molecular orbital calculations (density functional theory, DFT, and extended Hückel, EH) predict metal-indenyl bonding in 1+ that is approximately midway between that of the eta5 and eta3 hapticities (e.g., Omega = 11.4 degrees ). DFT results show that the large value of a(H2) arises from polarization of the indenyl-H2 by both inner-sphere orbitals and the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of 1+. The measured ks values are consistent with only minor inner-sphere reorganizational energies being necessary for the electron-transfer reactions, showing that a full eta5/eta3 hapticity change may require only small inner-sphere reorganization energies when concomitant with a pair of stepwise one-electron-transfer processes. The indenyl ligand in 1+ is best described as donating approximately four pi-electrons to Mo by combining a traditional eta3 linkage with two "half-strength" Mo-C bonds.     

Finding borders between coding and noncoding DNA regions by an entropic segmentation method

We present a new computational approach to finding borders between coding and noncoding DNA. This approach has two features: (i) DNA sequences are described by a 12-letter alphabet that captures the differential base composition at each codon position, and (ii) the search for the borders is carried out by means of an entropic segmentation method which uses only the general statistical properties of coding DNA. We find that this method is highly accurate in finding borders between coding and noncoding regions and requires no "prior training" on known data sets. Our results appear to be more accurate than those obtained with moving windows in the discrimination of coding from noncoding DNA.     

Structural modification of fullerene thin films by highly charged iron ions

In this paper, the results of structural modification of fullerene thin films bombarded by highly charged iron ions (Fe⁶⁺) are presented. The properties of as-deposited and irradiated fullerene thin films have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of Raman spectroscopy have indicated structural changes of irradiated thin films depending on fluences. It was found that iron doped fullerene films are dominated by sp³ rather than sp² after bombardment which might be due to formation of nanodiamond structures. AFM analysis showed that the ion beam had destroyed the surface ordering. The optical band gap was found to be in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 eV for irradiated films by Fe⁶⁺ ions at the highest fluences. PACS 61.48.+c; 78.30.-j; 79.20.Rf