Internal attenuation of laser radiation in the CuCl laser

A double-pulsed neutral copper vapor laser, based on a Cu/CuCl discharge, was placed in tandem with a ZnCl₂ discharge cell in a common optical cavity. The ZnCl₂ in the separately heated discharge tube acted as a source of Cl-based plasma by- products which are also likely constituents of the Cu/CuCl laser plasma. The timing of the two discharges was varied relative to one another and the Cu laser emission at λ = 510 nm was monitored to test the optical absorption losses in the combined cavity in relation to time. The experiments provide some insight into the chemical effects in the laser plasma that may limit the energy output of a Cu/CuCl laser.     

Blockcopolymers in microemulsions differential heats of solution and shift of the percolation temperature in W/O microemulsions

Solutions of blockcopolymers (POE-b-PI-b-POE) in fluids of interacting aqueous nanodroplets (W/O microemulsions) are studied. The interaction strength between the (pseudo) two components is measured by the shift of the percolation temperature relative to that of the pure microemulsion. A quantitative measure of the interaction, the differential heat of solution, is thermodynamically related to the slopes of the equilibrium temperature of the system with varying monomeric nanodroplet concentration and the experimental percolation line in the presence of copolymer.     

Die reziproke Auswertung in der R?ntgenspektrometrie

Zusammenfassung Die Analyse von Multielementproben kann manchmal dadurch behindert werden, daß infolge zu weniger Standardproben nicht alle relevanten Matrixelemente in der Matrixkorrektur verwendet werden können. Das gleiche gilt, wenn eine relativ umfangreiche unbekannte Restmatrix vorliegt. Für diese Fälle wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das als reziproke Auswertung bezeichnet wird, weil nur zwei Elemente verwendet werden, die sich gegenseitig als Hilfsmittel zur Analyse des jeweilig anderen Elementes dienen. Wie Beispiele zeigen, kann auf diese Weise der Einfluß der übrigen Matrix genügend genau auskorrigiert werden und das Verfahren führt in vielen Fällen zu günstigen Ergebnissen.

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The reciprocal evaluation in X-ray spectrometry

Summary The analysis of multielement samples can sometimes be hindered because the number of standard samples is too small to allow for all important matrix elements in the matrix correction procedure. The same is valid if a relatively extensive unknown residual matrix is existent. For these cases a method of evaluation is proposed which is named reciprocal evaluation because only two elements are used serving mutually as help to analyze the other element. The given examples show that in this way the influence of the residual matrix can be corrected with sufficient accuracy and the method yields good results in many cases.

     

Texture development in polyethylene. I. Uniaxial extension and uniaxial compression

Texture development of high-density polyethylene has been studied by x-ray diffraction at various strains for uniaxial extension, as achieved by uniaxial tension and extrusion, and for uniaxial compression. Pole distributions were measured for the (100), (200), (020), and (011) reflections. Textures were described by ideal single-crystal orientations with inverse pole figures. In uniaxial extension, samples were deformed up to true strains of 1.83 (reductions of up to 84%). After a strain of 0.55, the c axis oriented at 35° from the extension axis and with increasing strain approached the extension axis. This was attributed to initial (110) or (310) twinning in combination with (100) slip, followed subsequently by [001] slip. In compression, samples were deformed up to true strains of 1.83 (reductions up to 84%). The texture consisted of strong components of the compression axis near (100) and weaker components near (110). At higher strains the intensity of the near-(100) components decreased, whereas the near-(110) components became more intense. The near-(100) components are explained by slip on (100) planes. The growth of the near-(110) components at the expense of the near-(100) components can be explained by relaxation twinning of the near-(100) components.     

Minimal renormalization without ɛ-expansion: Amplitude functions in three dimensions

The minimal subtraction scheme and the Borel resummation method are used to calculate the amplitudes of renormalized correlation functions aboveT _c for then-vector model in three dimensions. Accurate representations are given for the effective amplitudes of the renormalized expressions of the correlation length, of the susceptibility and of the specific heat forn=1, 2, 3. The resummed higher-order contributions turn out to yield only small corrections to the low-order approximations. These results complement a recent calculation of renormalization-group functions and provide the basis for accurate analyses of the critical behavior in three dimensions including the amplitude functions.