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121.
Kazuyoshi Yano Hiroshi Yoshitake Uwe T. Bornscheuer Rolf D. Schmid Kazunori Ikebukuro Kenji Yokoyama Yuzo Masuda Isao Karube 《Analytica chimica acta》1997,340(1-3):41-48
Piezoelectric quartz crystal sensors were developed using lipids with various properties for highly sensitive detection of chemical vapors. Lipids with varying lengths of alkyl chains were coated onto 10 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal resonators and the response of these modified crystals to chemical vapors were measured. It was shown that hydrophilic compounds, such as ethanol and methanol, could be recognized efficiently by lipids having shorter alkyl chains, whereas lipids with longer alkyl chains showed affinity to more hydrophobic vapors, such as toluene, hexane and cyclohexane. Frequency changes caused by adsorption of alcohols could be enhanced when cholesterol was co-immobilized in the lipid layer. To confirm the assumption that the sensor-response might be affected by the properties of lipids derived from acyl chains, we have examined the effects of two types of newly synthesized unusual lipids on sensor response. When lipids having one triple bond each at different positions on their alkyl chains were coated onto quartz crystals separately, lower responses were observed compared to responses obtained for a sensor with immobilized, saturated phosphatidylcholine. Lipids containing -branched acyl chains, however, showed good affinity for organic vapors, and sensor responses improved 4–5-fold. Moreover, these sensors were shown to have sensitivity of the same order as the humans' sense of smell (10−5–10−6 w/w in liquid paraffin) when measured using standard odorants (isovaleric acid, skatole, etc.) for an olfactometry established in Japan. 相似文献
122.
Kraus M Janek K Bienert M Krause E 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2000,14(13):1094-1104
The self-assembly of beta-sheet peptide domains resulting in the formation of fibrillar aggregates (amyloids) is a feature of various neurodegenerative disorders. In order to evaluate mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of intermolecular beta-sheet structures the hydrogen/deuterium exchange behaviour of model peptides DPKGDPKG-(VT)(n)-GKGDPKPD-amide (n = 3,4,5,6,7,8), (VT)(n)-peptides, composed of a central beta-sheet-forming domain and N- and C-terminal nonstructured octapeptide sequences, was measured by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The kinetic analysis of the hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HX) shows that intermolecular beta-sheet structures contain slowly exchanging protons (k =0.001 1/min). Localization of beta-sheet domains was achieved by monitoring the hydrogen exchange of peptide fragments generated via collision-induced dissociation (CID) or post source decay (PSD). The hydrogen exchange kinetics and the beta-sheet domains determined by ESI- and MALDI-MS were found to correlate with the length and stability of the beta-structure domain of the (VT)(n)-peptides. 相似文献
123.
Teh-Chang Chou Holger Lange Rolf Gleiter Tibor Ggh Miroslav Krí Max H. Pfenninger Marian Valentíny Camille Ganter 《Helvetica chimica acta》1995,78(8):2011-2025
Three 1,4-dimethylidenecyclohexanes, bridged in the 2,6- and 3,5-positions by two ethano ( 4 ), one ethano and one propano ( 5 ), and two propano bridges ( 6 ) have been synthesized. The interaction of the two exocyclic methylidene groups has been investigated by He(I) photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy. It revealed a slightly larger energy difference (0.8 eV) for 4 and 5 as compared to the parent 1,4-dimethylidenecyclohexane ( 7 ) (0.7 eV). The interpretation of the PE spectra was based on the comparison with PE data of related systems and with the results of semiempirical calculations on 4–6 . 相似文献
124.
Rolf C. Schulz 《Colloid and polymer science》1962,182(1-2):99-104
Zusammenfassung Durch Radikalketten-Polymerisation von Acrolein erhält man Polymere mit Aldehydgruppen. Diese sind zu vielfältigen Umsetzungen befähigt. In dieser Mitteilung werden nur zwei Arten von Reaktionen behandelt; nämlich die Reaktion der Aldehydgruppen untereinander, wobei unter Disproportionierung Polyhydroxypolycarbonsäuren entstehen. DieseCannizzaro-Reaktion tritt auch an der Oberfläche fester Polyacroleine ein. Eingehend behandelt wird die Umsetzung wäßriger Polyacrolein-Lösungen mit anderen Polymeren, welche Amino-, Hydroxyl-oder Mercaptangruppen enthalten. Die Kennzeichen der entstehenden Verbundpolymeren werden beschrieben und mit denWillstätterschen Symplexen verglichen. Auf Beziehungen dieser Reaktionen zu biochemischen Prozessen wird hingewiesen. Ferner wird die Diffusion von Polymeren durch Membranen mit reaktiven Gruppen (Agar-Agar und Gelatine) untersucht. In einigen Fällen tritt eine Oberflächen-Pfropfung ein.19. Mitt, üiber Polymere Acroleine, vorgetragen auf der 20. wissenschaftlichen Arbeitstagung der Kolloid-Gesellschaft vom 19. bis 20. 10. 1961 in Bad Oeynhausen; 18. Mitt, siehe Angew. Chem.72, 771 (1960).Fräulein Dr.Irmela Löflund und Herrn Dr.Mathias Marx, die an diesen Untersuchungen maßgebend beteiligt waren, möchte ich für ihre Mitarbeit herzlich danken. Herrn Prof. Dr.W. Kern, Direktor des Organisch-Chemischen Instituts, danke ich für mannigfache Förderung und anregende Diskussionen. Die Untersuchungen wurden durch Mittel des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie sowie der Firma Degussa, Frankfurt/Main, unterstützt, wofür ebenfalls herzlichst gedankt sei. 相似文献
125.
On the Mechanism of Sequential Radical Cyclization of (Bromomethyl)silyl Ethers of Terpernoid Alcohols The cyclic products of the Bu3SnH-promoted radical reaction of (E)-1-[(bromomethyl)dimethylsilyloxy]-2-methylhept-2-ene ( 6 ) consists to 98% of a 1:2 mixture of (±)-(4RS,5RS)- and (±)-(4-RS,5SR)-4-butyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1-oxa-2-silacyclohexane ( 8a and 8b , respectively). It is, therefore, concluded that the 6-‘endo’→5-‘exo’ tandem cyclization of the 5-mehtyl-3-oxa-2-siladeca-5,9-dien-l-yl radical (reaction 1 → 2 ) is not necessarily a concerted process, but may be explained as a sequence of individual steps via free-radical intermediates. 相似文献
126.
Photoelectron Spectra and Molecular Properties. 133. Trifluoromethyldisulfane and Derivates F3CSSX (X?CF3, F, Cl, Br) The He(I) photoelectron spectra of trifluoromethyldisulfane F3CSSH and its derivatives F3CSSX (X?CF3, F, Cl, Br) are assigned by Koopmans correlations, IE = ?ε, with MNDO eigenvalues and by radical cation state comparison. Of special interest are the n/n splittings, which amount to 1.15 eV F3C? SS? F or 0.87 eV in F3? SS? Cl, and the dependance of which on the dihedral angle ω(XS? SX), on the SS bond length and on the acceptor effect of the F3C substituents is discussed. 相似文献
127.
The systematic integration of the small 2π- and 4π-electron systems cyclopropenylium ion, cyclopropenone, oxo-cyclobutenylium ion, and cyclobutadiene into phane chemistry was initiated only a few years ago. [n2]Cyclopropenylophanes, [n2]cyclopropenonophanes, metal-capped [n4]cyclobutadienosuperphanes, and other new families of double-decker phane species became available from cycloalkydiynes through special methods of double [2+1]cycloaddition with carbenes and metal complex induced dimerization by double [2+2]cycloaddition. Phane-specific structural features were elucidated by X-ray structural analyses. Cyclic voltammetry and PE spectroscopy as well as MO calculations reealed considerable interactions between closely spaced π-electron systems. Decapping cyclobutadienosuperphanes formally extended the synthetic principle to threefold [2+2]cycloadditions resulting in [n4]-bridged tricyclo-[4.2.0.03, 5]octa-3,7-dienes, which represent a new type of cage compounds. Moreover, completion to fourfold [2+2]addition was achieved with the photoinduced transformation of [34]bridged tricyclo[4.2.0.03, 5]octa-3,7-diene into propella[34]cubane. 相似文献
128.
We report simulations of laser-driven many-electron dynamics by means of the time-dependent configuration interaction singles (doubles) approach. The method accounts for the correlation of ground and excited states, is capable of describing explicitly time-dependent, nonlinear phenomena, and is systematically improvable. Lithium cyanide serves as a molecular test system in which the charge distribution and hence the dipole moment are shown to be switchable, in a controlled fashion, by (a series of) laser pulses which induce selective, state-to-state electronic transitions. One focus of our time-dependent calculations is the question of how fast the transition from the ionic ground state to a specific excited state that is embedded in a multitude of other states can be made, without creating an electronic wave packet. 相似文献
129.
Douglas A. Livingston Andreas Pfaltz Jakob Schreiber Albert Eschnmoser Dorothe Ankel-Fuchs Johanna Moll Rolf Jaenchen Rudolf K. Thauer 《Helvetica chimica acta》1984,67(1):334-351
Factor F430 from Methanogenic Bacteria: Structure of the Protein-free Factor Factor F430, the porphinoid nickel-containing coenzyme of the methylcoenzyme-M reductase of metanogenic bacteria is shown to be the 33,83,122,133,182-pentaacid derivative of the pentamethylester F430M, the structure of which had been determined previously (see structural formulae 1 and 2 ). The structure assignment rests on chromatographic, UV/VIS-, CD-, IR-, and 13C-NMR-spectroscopic as well as FAB-mass spectral comparision of F430 with F430M and the pentaacid prepared by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of F430M. In the cells of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, factor F430 is present in a ‘bound’ and also, depending on the growth conditions, in ‘free’ form, the latter being defined as the part of total F430 that can be extracted from the cells under extremely mild conditions (80% EtOH at 0–4°). From the (protein)-‘bound’ form, F430 is extracted by subsequently treating the cells at 0–4° with 80% EtOH containing (e.g.), 2m LiCi. From both sources, the extracted factor is the same pentaacid, and there is no indication for the existence of a protein-free F430 species that would contain additional (covalently bound) structural elements. 相似文献
130.
The universal voltammetric instrument, described in part I of this series, is used for comparative studies on the most important polarographic methods, direct current, derivative pulse, simple and phase-sensitive alternating current, double-tone, and harmonic-wave polarography. In general the peak-heights of these methods are influenced in the same measure by the composition of base electrolyte. In single cases characteristic differences are observed. 相似文献