Single-electron transistors fabricated with sidewall spacer patterning

We have implemented a sidewall spacer patterning method for novel dual-gate single-electron transistor (DGSET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor-based SET (MOSET) based on the uniform SOI wire, using conventional lithography and processing technology. A 30 nm wide silicon quantum wire is defined by a sidewall spacer patterning method, and depletion gates for two tunnel junctions of the DGSET are formed by the doped polycrystalline silicon sidewall. The fabricated DGSET and MOSET show clear single-electron tunneling phenomena at liquid nitrogen temperature and insensitivity of the Coulomb oscillation period to gate bias conditions. On the basis of the phase control capability of the sidewall depletion gates, we have proposed a complementary self-biasing method, which enables the SET/CMOS hybrid multi-valued logic (MVL) to operate perfectly well at high temperature, where the peak-to-valley current ratio of Coulomb oscillation severely decreases. The suggested scheme is evaluated by SPICE simulation with an analytical DGSET model, and it is confirmed that even DGSETs with a large Si island can be utilized efficiently in the multi-valued logic.     

Trace element changes during hibernation of Drosophila melanogaster by WDXRF analyses at chilling temperature

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to low temperature (4 °C, 3d), after controlled acclimation (15 °C, 1d) and passed to artificial hibernation. The concentrations of elements in almost 1000 mature flies were measured by Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry. Concentration changes of Zn, K, S, Ca (33.5%, 11.2%, 10.3% and 7.5%, respectively) and especially Cr and Mn (99.90 and 99.60) were observed. Concentrations of Cr, Zn, S and Ca increased significantly, but concentrations of Mn and K decreased in with comparison to the control group.     

Vibrational spectra of benzophenone conformers

We have used direct quantum DFT methods to calculate the parameters of the adiabatic potential of four benzophenone conformers. According to the data obtained, the existence of only one conformer is possible (C₁ symmetry) for the free benzophenone molecule, for which torsional vibrations of the benzene moieties are reproduced and for which we calculated the vibrational spectrum in the anharmonic approximation of the theory of molecular vibrations. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 561–564, September–October, 2007.     

Pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

In the continuation of efforts to modify the structure of our novel DP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).     

Pyridylethylation of some 4-azolidones

N-Pyridylethylated derivatives were obtained by the reaction of- or-vinylpyridines with 4-azolidones and their 5-benzylidene-substituted derivatives. Their IR and UV spectra were studied.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 599–600, May, 1971.     

Effect of junction constraints on rubber elasticity in multiaxial states of stress

The strains obtained in an amorphous polymer network subject to multiaxial states of stress are calculated according to a recent molecular theory which takes account of constraints on junctions in real networks. Experimental measurements for biaxial states of stress, for pure shear superposed on tension, and for combined torsion and simple extension, are seen to compare favorably with the predictions of the theory.     

Novel stilbene‐based Fischer base analog of leuco‐TAM – (2E,2′Z)‐{2‐(4‐(E)‐styrylphenyl)propane‐1,3‐diylidene}bis(1,3,3‐trimethylindoline) – derivatives: synthesis and structural consideration by 1D NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopy

We report the synthesis of a series of novel stilbene‐based (St) Fischer base analogs of leuco‐triarylmethane (LTAM) dyes by treating Fischer base with (E)‐4‐styrylbenzaldehyde derivatives. All St‐LTAM molecules examined herein are characterized by 1D and 2D NMR. They were found to exhibit ZE configuration and isomerize to their diastereomers EE and ZZ in 2–3 h. They exhibit type I behavior of diastereomeric isomerization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization of Gaseous Plasma Sustained in Mixtures of HMDSO and O2 in an Industrial-Scale Reactor

Optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry was used to characterize gaseous plasma in an industrial reactor of volume 5 m³ during deposition of protective coatings. Plasma was created in mixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and oxygen at the powers between 1 and 8 kW. The plasma density was somehow below 10¹⁴ m^?3. The flows of both gases were varied up to 200 sccm while the effective pumping speed was adjusted by changing the roots pump rotation speed between 250 and 4000 rpm. At such conditions the HMDSO was only partially dissociated to fragments. The behaviour of optical emission lines and mass ion currents was well correlated indicating that even one single technique was sufficient to monitor the behaviour of plasma at various discharge conditions. The optical emission spectroscopy as a simple and economic method is therefore suitable for controlling key processing parameters in such a plasma reactor.