Evolution of absorption, fluorescence, laser and chemical properties in the series of compounds perylene, benzo(ghi)perylene and coronene.

Absorption. fluorescence and laser properties of perylene, benzo(ghi)perylene and coronene are studied experimentally (under the same conditions) and quantum chemically at room (293 K) and at low (77 and 4 K) temperatures and direct comparison is made between the results for each molecule. All the main absorption and fluorescence parameters such as oscillator strength, fe, quantum yield, gamma, decay time, tauf, fluorescence rate constant, kf (Einstein coefficient, A) and intersystem crossing rate constant, kST, are measured or calculated. The systems of singlet and triplet levels for these compounds are simulated and analyzed. Triplet states mixing with the lowest singlet S1 state are determined. The low values of kST found are explained. The possible vibronic coupling in the molecule coronene is discussed. The nature of the three fluorescence bands of coronene observed is interpreted. The change in the arrangement of the singlet and triplet levels of the studied compounds is interpreted quantum-chemically. It is found that at room temperature (293 K), only perylene shows laser action, while all three compounds show good laser oscillation at low temperature (< 100 K). The differences in the laser properties of these compounds are explained by the inversion of the Sp(1La) and Sinfinity(1Lb) levels which occurs in the transition from perylene to benzo(ghi)perylene. Chemical properties of the compounds studied are outlined. Linear and quasi-linear fluorescence spectra of perylene and benzo(ghi)perylene, obtained at 77 and 4 K. can be used in the identification of these compounds.     

Continuous flow stable isotope methods for study of delta(13)C fractionation during halomethane production and degradation

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/MS/IRMS) methods for delta(13)C measurement of the halomethanes CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I and methanethiol (CH(3)SH) during studies of their biological production, biological degradation, and abiotic reactions are presented. Optimisation of gas chromatographic parameters allowed the identification and quantification of CO(2), O(2), CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I and CH(3)SH from a single sample, and also the concurrent measurement of delta(13)C for each of the halomethanes and methanethiol. Precision of delta(13)C measurements for halomethane standards decreased (+/-0.3, +/-0.5 and +/-1.3 per thousand) with increasing mass (CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I, respectively). Given that carbon isotope effects during biological production, biological degradation and some chemical (abiotic) reactions can be as much as 100 per thousand, stable isotope analysis offers a precise method to study the global sources and sinks of these halogenated compounds that are of considerable importance to our understanding of stratospheric ozone destruction.     

Standard Tractors and the Conformal Ambient Metric Construction

In this paper we relate the Fefferman–Graham ambientmetric construction for conformal manifolds to the approach toconformal geometry via the canonical Cartan connection. We show thatfrom any ambient metric that satisfies a weakening of the usualnormalisation condition, one can construct the conformal standardtractor bundle and the normal standard tractor connection, which areequivalent to the Cartan bundle and the Cartan connection. This resultis applied to obtain a procedure to get tractor formulae for allconformal invariants that can be obtained from the ambient metricconstruction. We also get information on ambient metrics whichare Ricci flat to higher order than guaranteed by the results ofFefferman–Graham.     

On the Universal Splitting Property

We prove that if an incomplete computably enumerable set has the the universal splitting property then it is low₂. This solves a question from Ambos-Spies and Fejer [1] and Downey and Stob [7]. Some technical improvements are discussed.     

Arithmetical Sacks Forcing

We answer a question of Jockusch by constructing a hyperimmune-free minimal degree below a 1-generic one. To do this we introduce a new forcing notion called arithmetical Sacks forcing. Some other applications are presented.The first author was supported in part by the Marsden Fund of New Zealand.The second author was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the New Zealand Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, NSF of China No.10471060 and No.10420130638.     

Minimal pairs in initial segments of the recursively enumerable degrees

We show that for every r.e. Turing degreea>0, there is an r.e. degreeb<a which is not half of a minimal pair in the initial segment [0, a]. This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant DMS88-00030 to Stob, the New Zealand Marsden Fund for Basic Research in Science Grant VIC-509 to Downey, and New Zealand-United States Cooperative Science Program Grant INT90-20558 from the National Science Foundation to both authors. The authors thank the referee for several helpful comments.     

Evidence of very strong inter-epitaxial-layer diffusion in Zn-doped GaInPAs/InP structures

Zn-doped InP and GaInPAs layers were grown by OrganoMetallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE). The epitaxial films consist of a primary GaInPAs/InP epitaxial layer and a secondary InP/GaInAs epitaxial layer. We present evidence that the redistribution of Zn acceptors in the primary epitaxial layer is strongly influenced by the Zn doping concentration in the secondary epitaxial layer. Rapid redistribution of Zn acceptors in the primary epitaxial layer occurs if the Zn doping concentration in the secondary epitaxial layer exceeds a critical concentration ofN _Zn3×10¹⁸cm^–3. The influence of the growth temperature on this effect is also presented.     

On Initial Segments of Computable Linear Orders

We show there is a computable linear order with a initial segment that is not isomorphic to any computable linear order.