Nanostructure Empowers Active Tumor Targeting in Ligand‐Based Molecular Delivery

Cell‐selective targeting is expected to enhance effectiveness and minimize side effects of cytotoxic agents. Functionalization of drugs or drug nanoconjugates with specific cell ligands allows receptor‐mediated selective cell delivery. However, it is unclear whether the incorporation of an efficient ligand into a drug vehicle is sufficient to ensure proper biodistribution upon systemic administration, and also at which extent biophysical properties of the vehicle may contribute to the accumulation in target tissues during active targeting. To approach this issue, structural robustness of self‐assembling, protein‐only nanoparticles targeted to the tumoral marker CXCR4 is compromised by reducing the number of histidine residues (from six to five) in a histidine‐based architectonic tag. Thus, the structure of the resulting nanoparticles, but not of building blocks, is weakened. Upon intravenous injection in animal models of human CXCR4⁺ colorectal cancer, the administered material loses the ability to accumulate in tumor tissue, where it is only transiently found. It instead deposits in kidney and liver. Therefore, precise cell‐targeted delivery requires not only the incorporation of a proper ligand that promotes receptor‐mediated internalization, but also, unexpectedly, its maintenance of a stable multimeric nanostructure that ensures high ligand exposure and long residence time in tumor tissue.     

On the Linear Codes Arising from Schubert Varieties

We prove a lower bound for the minimum distance of the linear code associated to a Schubert variety. Moreover for a Schubert variety of lines we compute the full distribution of weights.     

Some new results on integration for multifunction

It has been proven in Di Piazza and Musia? (Set Valued Anal 13:167–179, 2005, Vector measures, integration and related topics, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, vol 201, pp 171–182, 2010) that each Henstock–Kurzweil–Pettis integrable multifunction with weakly compact values can be represented as a sum of one of its selections and a Pettis integrable multifunction. We prove here that if the initial multifunction is also Bochner measurable and has absolutely continuous variational measure of its integral, then it is a sum of a strongly measurable selection and of a variationally Henstock integrable multifunction that is also Birkhoff integrable (Theorem 3.4). Moreover, in case of strongly measurable (multi)functions, a characterization of the Birkhoff integrability is given using a kind of Birkhoff strong property.     

Widths of Subgroups

We say that the width of an infinite subgroup in is if there exists a collection of essentially distinct conjugates of such that the intersection of any two elements of the collection is infinite and is maximal possible. We define the width of a finite subgroup to be . We prove that a quasiconvex subgroup of a negatively curved group has finite width. It follows that geometrically finite surfaces in closed hyperbolic -manifolds satisfy the -plane property for some .

     

A note on stability for parametric equilibrium problems

In this paper we consider equilibrium problems in vector metric spaces where the function f and the set K are perturbed by the parameters ε,η. We study the stability of the solutions, providing some results in the peculiar framework of generalized monotone functions, first in the particular case where K is fixed, then under both data perturbation.     

Two-step magnetic ordering in quasi-one-dimensional helimagnets: possible experimental validation of villain's conjecture about a chiral spin liquid phase

Low-temperature specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and zero-field muon spin resonance (microSR) measurements have been performed in the quasi-one-dimensional molecular helimagnetic compound Gd(hfac)3NITEt. The specific heat presents two anomalies at T(0)=2.19+/-0.02 K and T(N)=1.88+/-0.02 K, which both disappear upon the application of a weak magnetic field. Conversely, magnetic susceptibility and muSR data show the divergence of two-spin correlation functions only at T(N)=1.88+/-0.02 K. These results suggest an experimental validation of Villain's conjecture of a two-step magnetic ordering in quasi-one-dimensional XY helimagnets; i.e., the paramagnetic phase and the helical spin solid phase are separated by a chiral spin liquid phase, where translational invariance is broken without violation of rotational invariance.     

Temperature renormalization of the magnon energies of FeBr2

The temperature renormalization of the magnon energies is investigated in FeBr₂, a S = 1 Heisenberg ferromagnet with rather large single-ion and exchange anisotropies. Two theories are applied: a self-consistently-renormalized (SCR) spin-wave theory (which is not affected by “kinematic” inconsistencies) and a calculation of the self-energy in the T-matrix formalism. At low temperature both theories are found to give a small renormalization of the energy gap in agreement with neutron scattering experiments. On the other hand the two approximations give significantly different renormalization at higher temperature. Measurements in this temperature range should be able to put in evidence non linear effects in the anisotropy.     

Ultraviolet four-photon mixing in a multimode silica fiber Raman amplifier

Efficient frequency conversion of the XeF excimer (351.2 nm) by nonlinear effects in a highly multimode silica fiber is reported. Besides a substantial Raman amplification of the weaker XeF line at 353.3 nm, stimulated four-photon mixing has also been observed, generating a Stokes peak at 355.5 nm with 1 kW peak power.     

Quantum Implication

This article is to discuss the severalimplications introduced in quantum mechanics. Thisdiscussion will be from a rigorous logical point ofview.