Novel Arachno‐type X56– Zintl Anions in Sr3Sn5, Ba3Sn5, and Ba3Pb5 and Charge Influence on Zintl Clusters

Two new binary Zintl phases, Sr₃Sn₅ and Ba₃Sn₅ were synthesized and structurally characterized. The revised structure of Ba₃Pb₅ is also reported. All three compounds are isotypic and crystallize with a modified Pu₃Pd₅ structure type. The anionic substructure is composed of X₅^6– square pyramidal clusters (X = Sn, Pb), which are described as arachno clusters according to the Wade‐Mingos electron counting rules. The electronic structure of the pyramidal Zintl anions and the influence of the number of skeletal electrons of these clusters are investigated using the electron localization function (ELF). The structural relationship between Ba₃Sn₅ and the Zintl phases Ba₃Si₄ and Ba₃Ge₄ are analyzed. Additionally, two new Zintl phases Ba₃Ge_2.82Sn_2.18 and Ba₃Ge_3.94Sn_0.06, have been synthezised and their structures are reported, which directly show that the exchange of tin against germanium leads to a change from the M₃X₅ to the M₃X₄ structure type. This effect is traced back to the maximal charge acquisition property of the Zintl anions of heavier and lighter tetralides.     

An accessibility theorem for infinite graph minors

We prove the following recent conjecture of Halin. Let Γ₀ be the class of all graphs, and for every ordinal μ > 0 let Γ_μ be the class of all graphs containing infinitely many disjoint connected graphs from Γ_λ, for every λ < μ. Then a graph lies in all these classes Γ_μ if and only if it contains a subdivision of the infinite binary tree. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000 J Graph Theory 35: 273–277, 2000     

Ba6Mg10.8Li1.2Si12, die erste Verbindung mit drei verschiedenen Zintl‐Anionen

Ba₆Mg_10.8Li_1.2Si₁₂, the First Compound Containing Three Different Zintl Anions A novel quaternary Zintl phase of silicon is presented. The crystal structure of Ba₆Mg_10.8Li_1.2Si₁₂ (Pnma, a = 22.257(5), b = 4.5804(9), c = 14.007(3) Å) is the first example of a silicide with isolated silicon atoms, Si₂ dumb‐bells and Si₃ chains thus with three different Zintl anions within one structure. Accompanying quantumchemical investigations in the Extended Hückel framework give detailed insights in the present bond situation and support general trends found in unusual Zintl phases.     

Stereoselective Synthesis and Structure of New Types of Calix[4]resorcinarenes. Complexation of Tetrakis(O,O‐Phosphorus)Bridged‐Calix[4]resorcinarenes with Heavy Metal Atoms

The acid‐catalyzed (with HCl) condensation reactions of resorcinol ( 1 ) with 1‐naphthaldehyde ( 2 ) and isobutyraldehyde ( 3 ) furnished the tetrameric macrocyclic compounds 4 and 6 . Detailed NMR‐investigations of the acetylated tetrameric species 5 surprisingly support a structure not in agreement with the expected all‐cis conformation. The chair conformation (C_2h symmetry) of the acetylated derivative 5 was established through a crystal X‐ray diffraction study. The naphthyl substituents are arranged in trans position above and below the plane made up by the resorcinol units. The reaction of resorcinol 1 with isobutyraldehyde, in accord with expectation, led to the calix[4]resorcinaren ( 6 ). The ¹H NMR spectra of compound 6 and 7 appeared at room temperature as broad signals, indicating a conformation of C_2v symmetry. The reaction of the C‐methyl‐tetrakis‐P‐(chlorodioxaphosphocin)‐calix[4]resorcinarenes ( 8 ) and ( 10 ) with suitable N‐trimethylsilyl organic amines were conducted in tetrahydrofuran suspension, furnishing the P–N‐substituted calix[4]resorcinarenes ( 9 ) and ( 11 ). While in the complexation of C‐methyl‐tetrabromotetrakis‐P‐(dimethylaminodioxaphosphocin)‐calix[4]resorcinarene ( 13 ) with (tht)AuCl (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) the expected, neutral tetra‐substituted complex 15 was formed, the reaction of 13 with moist acetonitrile led to the anionic atomic framework 14 . X‐ray structure determinations of the complexes 14 and 15 show that both possess the cone conformation. In the gold complex 15 , the Au–Cl groups form a loose aggregate, with three Au…Cl contacts of 316–340 pm; one of the groups points towards the centre of the cone. The copper(I) complex 14 displays crystallographic mirror symmetry, with a central Cu₄Cl₅ unit involving tetrahedrally coordinated copper.     

多孔Pd/α-Al2O3 活性膜上 1,5-环辛二烯选择加氢

利用微乳液及浸渍技术制备了多孔Pd/α-Al2O3催化活性膜.利用透射电镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射对微乳液中及α-Al2O3陶瓷膜孔结构中纳米Pd颗粒的形貌和分布进行了表征.分析结果表明,通过浸渍技术,微乳液中的纳米Pd颗粒以几百纳米大小的晶体形态均匀负载于陶瓷膜孔中.在"催化接触器"型膜反应器中,以1,5-环辛二烯催化加氢为模型反应,考察了多孔Pd/α-Al2O3膜的活性与选择性,并与Pd-聚丙烯酸(PAA)有机催化膜反应器、悬浮床反应器和固定床反应器中的催化性能进行了比较.结果表明,Pd/α-Al2O3膜反应器的催化活性与目的产物1-环辛烯的选择性远高于Pd-PAA有机膜反应器和固定床反应器.Pd/α-Al2O3膜反应器在强化传质和消除孔内扩散方面效果显著,这与Pd在陶瓷膜孔中的分布及反应物在膜反应器中的高速流动有关.     

Atomic-scale surface demixing in a eutectic liquid BiSn alloy

Resonant x-ray reflectivity of the surface of the liquid phase of the Bi(43)Sn(57) eutectic alloy reveals atomic-scale demixing extending over three near-surface atomic layers. Because of the absence of an underlying atomic lattice which typically defines adsorption in crystalline alloys, studies of adsorption in liquid alloys provide unique insight on interatomic interactions at the surface. The observed composition modulation could be accounted for quantitatively by the Defay-Prigogine and Strohl-King multilayer extensions of the single-layer Gibbs model, revealing a near-surface domination of the attractive Bi-Sn interaction over the entropy.     

Redox reactions of K3[Fe(CN)6] during mechanochemically stimulated phase transitions of AlOOH

Thermally induced redox reactions of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] (1) were investigated for a broad temperature range by thermal methods and structure analytical methods (ESR and Mößbauer spectroscopy, X-ray Powder diffraction and XANES). Based on the influence of the mechanically activated and transforming matrices 2 and 3, redox processes can be tuned to form doped Al₂O₃ systems which contain either isolated Fe³⁺ centres or redox active phases and precursors like (Al_1−xFe_x)₂O₃ (4), (Al_3−xFe_x)O₄ (5), Fe₃O₄, Fe₂O₃ and Fe⁰. The phase Fe₃C and the chemically reactive C-species were detected during the reaction of 1. The final composition of the doped products of α-Al₂O₃ is mainly influenced by the chemical nature of the Fe doping component, the applied temperature and time regime, and the composition of the gas phase (N₂, N₂/O₂ or N₂/H₂). From the solid state chemistry point of view it is interesting that the transforming matrix (2 and 3) possesses both oxidative and protective properties and that the incorporation of the Fe species can be performed systematically.