A fiber-reinforced periodic piezoelectric composite, where the constituents exhibit transverse isotropic properties, is considered. The fiber cross-section is circular and the periodicity is the same in two orthogonal directions. Imperfect mechanic contact conditions at the interphase between the matrix and fibers are represented in parametric form. In order to analyze the influence of the imperfect interface effect over the behavior of the composite, the effective axial piezoelectric moduli are obtained by means of the Asymptotic Homogenization Method. Some numerical examples are given. 相似文献
A simple and direct spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of aluminum using alizarin red PS
(1,2,4-trihydroxy 9,10-anthraquinone-3-sulfonic acid). The method is based on the strong fluorescence (480/564 nm) of Al3+ and alizarin red. Experimental parameters such as pH, concentration of the ligand, ionic strength of the solution, reaction
time and temperature were optimized in order to maximize the analytical signal. Interferences of several ions (anions and
cations) were studied and evaluated. The linear range of the method extends from 3 to 100 μg L−1. Limit of detection (3sb) was 0.9 μg L−1. The method was tested with a silicate certified reference material. Interferences were eliminated by a liquid extraction
with cupferron.
Author for correspondence. E-mail: aucelior@rdc.puc-rio.br
Received September 10, 2002; accepted January 15, 2003
Published online May 5, 2003 相似文献
Summary: Disposal of petroleum-derived polymers is a growing global environmental problem of alarming proportions, which has increased interest in the use and production of biodegradable materials. In addition to biodegradation, investment in research and development in the nanotechnology area is also significant. This study evaluated the effect of incorporation of an organophilic nanoclay ammonium-free salt (Novaclay™) on the mechanical properties and biodegradation of a biodegradable polyester (Ecoflex®), according to ASTM G 160. Ecoflex with and without incorporated Novaclay was characterized before and after biodegradation in organically enriched soil for up to 180 days, by visual analysis, optical microscopy, weight loss, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The pure Ecoflex and the Ecoflex/Novaclay nanocomposite were partially biodegraded by the method used, and showed changes in their morphological and mechanical properties. 相似文献
This work describes the estimation of polymer particle size from NIR spectra collected in situ and online in an automated reactor. A good linearity between spectra and average polymer particle diameter is found. The multivariate linear model is also tested with an independent data set not used in the model fitting. Despite varying monomer and polymer concentrations and temperature changes along the process, the average particle sizes are well predicted and can be monitored by NIR spectroscopy during emulsion polymerization reactions.
Evolution of average particle diameter with polymer content for three different BA/Sty semi‐continuous emulsion polymerization reactions. Open symbols correspond to spectra used in the model fitting and solid symbols to the test data set. The different symbol types correspond to the three different reactions. 相似文献
The decrease of initiation efficiency (radical entry efficiency) during seeded emulsion copolymerizations of styrene and butyl acrylate with different residual monomer reduction strategies was evaluated. Experiments were carried out using 50 and 99wt.% of styrene in monomer feed stream. Simulations were performed with a detailed mathematical model of the process that takes into account the diffusion control of initiation, propagation and termination. Results showed that the radical entry into polymer particles is strongly influenced by the aqueous phase kinetics and by the monomer solubility in aqueous phase. Simulation results were compared to experimental results of residual monomer and showed that the residual monomer content can be reduced by a temperature increase at the end of the polymerization. However, an additional feeding of more initiator, even when combined with such an increase of temperature, did not lead to a smaller residual monomer content due, mainly, the kinetic of termination in aqueous phase and radical anchoring. A model that accounts for the reduction of initiator efficiency (free radical entry efficiency) was successfully used to explain the behavior of the experimental observations and was able to correctly predict the qualitative trends of the effectiveness of different residual monomer reduction strategies. 相似文献
We study conditions under which an invariance property holds for the class of selection distributions. First, we consider
selection distributions arising from two uncorrelated random vectors. In that setting, the invariance holds for the so-called
C{\cal{C}} -class and for elliptical distributions. Second, we describe the invariance property for selection distributions arising
from two correlated random vectors. The particular case of the distribution of quadratic forms and its invariance, under various
selection distributions, is investigated in more details. We describe the application of our invariance results to sample
variogram and covariogram estimators used in spatial statistics and provide a small simulation study for illustration. We
end with a discussion about other applications, for example such as linear models and indices of temporal/spatial dependence. 相似文献
The differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) may be difficult, due to the lack of distinctive clinical features. The interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) signal may also be normal in patients with ES. Innovative diagnostic tools that exploit non-linear EEG analysis and deep learning (DL) could provide important support to physicians for clinical diagnosis. In this work, 18 patients with new-onset ES (12 males, 6 females) and 18 patients with video-recorded PNES (2 males, 16 females) with normal interictal EEG at visual inspection were enrolled. None of them was taking psychotropic drugs. A convolutional neural network (CNN) scheme using DL classification was designed to classify the two categories of subjects (ES vs. PNES). The proposed architecture performs an EEG time-frequency transformation and a classification step with a CNN. The CNN was able to classify the EEG recordings of subjects with ES vs. subjects with PNES with 94.4% accuracy. CNN provided high performance in the assigned binary classification when compared to standard learning algorithms (multi-layer perceptron, support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis). In order to interpret how the CNN achieved this performance, information theoretical analysis was carried out. Specifically, the permutation entropy (PE) of the feature maps was evaluated and compared in the two classes. The achieved results, although preliminary, encourage the use of these innovative techniques to support neurologists in early diagnoses. 相似文献
