Universal vortex formation in rotating traps with bosons and fermions

We show that the rotation of trapped quantum mechanical particles with a repulsive interaction can lead to vortex formation, irrespective of whether the particles are bosons or (unpaired) fermions. The exact many-particle wave function constitutes similar structures in both cases, implying that this vortex formation is indeed universal.     

Influence of lignocellulose-derived aromatic compounds on oxygen-limited growth and ethanolic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Phenolic compounds released and generated during hydrolysis inhibit fermentation of lignocellulose hydrolysates to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A wide variety of aromatic compounds form from lignin, which is partially degraded during acid hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic raw material. Aromatic compounds may also form as a result of sugar degradation and dare present in wood as extractives. The influence of hydroxy-methoxy-benzaldehydes, diphenols/quinones, and phenylpropane derivatives on S. cerevisiae cell growth and ethanol formation was assayed using a defined medium and oxygen-limited conditions. The inhibition effected by the hydroxy-methoxy-benzaldehydes was highly dependent on the positions of the substituents. A major difference in inhibition by the oxidized and reduced form of a diphenol/quinone was observed, the oxidized form being the more inhibitory. The phenylpropane derivatives were examined with respect to difference in toxicity depending on the oxidation-reduction state of the γ-carbon, the presence and position of unsaturated bonds in the aliphatic side chain, and the number and identity of hydroxyl and methoxyl substituents. Transformations of aromatic compounds occuring during the fermentation included aldehyde reduction, quinone reduction, and double bond saturation. Aromatic alcohols were detected as products of reductions of the corresponding aldehydes, namely hydroxy-methoxy-benzaldehydes and coniferyl aldehyde. High molecular mass compounds and the corresponding diphenol were detected as products of quinone reduction. Together with coniferyl alcohol, dihydroconiferyl alcohol was identified as a major transformation products of conifery aldehyde.

     

Regioselective [3+3] Cyclization of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐4‐(silyloxy)alk‐3‐en‐2‐ones: New and Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized 5‐Alkyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenols

Functionalized 5‐alkyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenols were prepared by formal [3+3] cyclization of 1,3‐bis(silyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐4‐(silyloxy)alk‐3‐en‐2‐ones derived from 1,1,1‐trifluoroalkane‐2,4‐diones. The latter were prepared by condensation of the dianion of 1,1,1‐trifluoropentane‐2,4‐dione with alkyl halides.     

Quantitatives Antiklopfreagens

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Jahn-Teller deformations of jellium slices

Equilibrium geometries of quasi two-dimensional jellium systems are calculated in the local density approximation, closely following the “Ultimate Jellium Model” of [1]. The background charge is assumed to be fully deformable in a layer between two parallel planes, whereas the wave functions in the direction perpendicular to such a “jellium slice” are confined to their ground state. Like for jellium clusters in three dimensions [1], we find that for various system sizes, a trend towards a breaking of axial and inversion symmetries is observable.     

Modified Nilsson model for large sodium clusters

We propose a modified Nilsson model for spheroidal sodium clusters and investigate the modification of shell structure by deformation for sizes up toN=850. For spherical clusters, our potential is fitted to the single-particle spectra obtained from microscopically selfconsistent Kohn-Sham calculations using the jellium model and the local density approximation. Employing Strutinsky's shell-correction method, the surface energy of the jellium model is renormalized to its experimental value. We find good agreement between our theoretically predicted deformed magic numbers and the experimentally observed ones extracted from recent sodium mass abundance spectra.     

Rückwirkungsfreie Strahlpositionssonde mit intensitätsunabhängiger Positionsanzeige

Résumé Nous décrivons un moniteur de faisceau qui permet de déterminer la position d'un faisceau pulsé à l'intérieur d'un tube. Il est constitué par deux bobines placées des deux côtés du faisceau, dans lesquelles des signaux sont induits par les paquets d'ions parcourant le tube. A l'aide d'un multiplexeur les signaux sont alternativement appliqués à l'entrée d'un récepteur superhéterodyne, muni d'un système de contrôle automatique de volume. Après l'amplification, les signaux sont de nouveau séparés au moyen d'un démultiplexeur et ensuite redressés avec des polarités opposées. A l'aide d'un sommateur les deux signaux redressés sont additionnés et finalement intégrés par un intégrateur. Grâce au contrôle automatique de volume, la tension d'erreur ainsi produite est, dans certaines limites, indépendante de l'intensité du faisceau.