Nonproteolytic cleavage of aspartyl proline bonds in the cellulosomal scaffoldin subunit from Clostridium thermocellum

Previous work from our group [Morag (Morgenstern), E., Bayer, E. A., and Lamed, R. (1991), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 30, 129–136] has demonstrated an anomalous electrophoretic mobility pattern for scaffoldin, the 210-kDa cellulosome-integrating subunit of Clostridium thermocellum. Subsequent evidence [Morag, E., Bayer, E. A., and Lamed, R. (1992), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 33, 205–217] indicated that the effect could be attributed to a nonproteolytic fragmentation of the subunit into a defined series of lowermolecular-weight bands. In the present work, a recombinant segment of the scaffoldin subunit was employed to determine the site(s) of bond breakage. An Asp-Pro sequence within the cohesin domain was identified to be the sensitive peptide bond. This sequence appears quite frequently in the large cellulosomal proteins, and the labile bond may be related to an as yet undescribed physiological role in the hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulosomes.     

A Coding Theory Bound and Zero-Sum Square Matrices

For a code C=C(n,M) the level k code of C, denoted C _k , is the set of all vectors resulting from a linear combination of precisely k distinct codewords of C. We prove that if k is any positive integer divisible by 8, and n=k, M=k2k then there is a codeword in C _k whose weight is either 0 or at most . In particular, if <(4–2)²/48 then there is a codeword in C _k whose weight is n/2–(n). The method used to prove this result enables us to prove the following: Let k be an integer divisible by p, and let f(k,p) denote the minimum integer guaranteeing that in any square matrix over Z _p , of order f(k,p), there is a square submatrix of order k such that the sum of all the elements in each row and column is 0. We prove that lim inf f(k,2)/k<3.836. For general p we obtain, using a different approach, that f(k,p)p( ^{k / ln k )(1+ o} _k ⁽¹⁾⁾.     

Analysis of galectin 1-mediated cell signaling by combined precipitation and electrophoresis techniques

Galectin-1 (GAL1) is a beta-galactoside-binding protein that has been implicated in the regulation of viability of lymphoid cells. However, the signaling pathway governed by the binding of GAL1 to the cell membrane is not understood yet. As a first step toward the elucidation of GAL1-initiated signaling events, electrophoresis techniques such as sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were used together with precipitation techniques. This allowed us to identify the membrane receptor of GAL1, and to characterize the signal resulting from the binding of GAL1 to this receptor. Our results demonstrate that the tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is the receptor for GAL1, and that the src-type tyrosine kinase Lyn is a target for the effects of GAL1/CD45 interactions in B-cells. Furthermore, these results show the usefulness of combined precipitation and electrophoresis techniques to analyze phosphotyrosine-dependent mechanisms during the study of cell functions.     

On Bianchi permutability of Bäcklund transformations for asymmetric quad-equations

We prove the Bianchi permutability (existence of superposition principle) of Bäcklund transformations for asymmetric quad-equations. Such equations and their Bäcklund transformations form 3D consistent systems of a priori different equations. We perform this proof by using 4D consistent systems of quad-equations, the structural insights through biquadratics patterns and the consideration of super-consistent eight-tuples of quad-equations on decorated cubes.     

Approximation to the mean curve in the LCS problem

The problem of sequence comparison via optimal alignments occurs naturally in many areas of applications. The simplest such technique is based on evaluating a score given by the length of a longest common subsequence divided by the average length of the original sequences. In this paper we investigate the expected value of this score when the input sequences are random and their length tends to infinity. The corresponding limit exists but is not known precisely. We derive a theoretical large deviation, convex analysis and Monte Carlo based method to compute a consistent sequence of upper bounds on the unknown limit. An empirical practical version of our method produces promising numerical results.     

Ueber den Brechungsindex einiger Körper in Gelatine

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Gestalt einiger Silikatniederschläge

Ohne ZusammenfassungNeurologisches Institut, Frankfurt a. M., Dir. Prof. L. Edinger.     

Eiweiss-Spaltungsprodukte

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Formung von Gelen durch Kristalle

Ohne Zusammenfassung